Resource Management and Geography - Theses
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ItemThe role of Export Processing Zones in East Asian development: South Korea, Taiwan, China and Thailand( 1992-07)Export Processing Zones (EPZs) are about thirty years old now (ILO and UNCTC. 1988). Their effects and influence on third world economic development and on international industrial restructuring have been criticised by different literatures. I wish to combine my practical experience of working in Shenzen Special Economic Zone for four years, with research to compare four EPZs’ development in four East Asian countries and area: Massan Zone in Korea, Kaohsiung Zone in Thailand, Shenzen Zone in China and Lat Krabang Zone in Thailand. This intended to explore the effect of EPZs on the economic development of those countries, and to provide a series of comparative data (especially on the zone of China about which there is little information).
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ItemLong-term landscape evolution: a case study from the lower Snowy River, Australia( 1994)The Snowy River which drains the south-eastern flank of the South-eastern Highlands of Australia, has frequently been taken as an example for various models of landscape evolution of the Highlands despite a paucity of primary field data on which to base an adequate description of the river's behaviour. In this study the lower part of the Snowy catchment has been investigated and, based on detailed fieldwork, a reconstruction of its morphological history since the late Eocene has been carried out. In so doing, it is demonstrated that detailed fieldwork provides the key to better the understanding of the Highlands' history. The Snowy River has experienced two phases of rapid incision since the late Eocene. Evidence of the first rapid incision is provided by karst caves formed in the phreatic condition which have not been modified by vadose waters, indicating rapid draining. In addition, fluvial sediments preserved as ridge-cappings indicate the Eocene course of the lower Snowy, as judged by their position relative to basalt of Eocene age. Further, below the Eocene river level there is another consistent level of gravel deposits. These former river levels suggest two stillstands of the Snowy River during its evolution since the Eocene. The modern fluvial system in the vertical plane, which is often overlooked in the literature, shows that many tributaries join the Snowy in the form of high waterfalls. Large knickpoints are features of the long profiles of both the tributaries and the master channel of the Snowy River, and provide further evidence showing the two phases of rapid incision of the Snowy River. The many lines of field evidence from this study show that i) the total incision of the lower Snowy over the last 40Ma is only two hundred meters, half the rate of downcutting previously inferred in the literature; ii) river incision proceeds in bedrock channels by knickpoint migration and the manner of this is different to that in alluvial channels; iii) two major knickpoints, each 100m high, have migrated headwards through the lower Snowy River, the first one resulted from a river course change soon after the late Eocene basalt flow while the second one can be attributed to sea level lowering in the Miocene; and hence iv) it is not necessary to propose tectonic uplift as an explanation of the landscape evolution of this area since the mid-Tertiary. Detailed field examination of this part of the South-eastern Highlands also shows that some of the assumptions underlying existing models for landscape evolution of the Highlands are not valid, such as tectonic uplift by Wellman (1979a & b; 1987), isostatic rebound by Stephenson and Lamberk (1985), and palaeoplain downwarping and scarp retreat by Ollier and Pain (1994). They have all based their models on over or up to 1000m of assumed post-Eocene (or even Miocene) uplift. In this study, it is demonstrated that the size, the diversity and the antiquity of the Eastern Highlands of Australia dictate that initial research into landscape evolution must concentrate first on collecting primary data from individual areas before a general model or models can be proposed.