Office for Environmental Programs - Theses
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ItemMultiple use services of water: a South African case study: impact of infrastructure on rural livelihoods: lessons from Strydkraal, Limpopo, South Africa( 2014)This study focused on investigating the provision of improved water sources for both domestic and productive uses and their impact on rural livelihoods. The focus area of this study was Strydkraal, a rural and tribal community to the north of Limpopo province in South Africa. A sample of 50 households was considered with various focus groups and participants. During interviews and field observations, several variables were noted affecting the access to improved water sources and income generating activities. This relationship was further investigated using statistical regression analysis. Community needs were identified and classified according to their productive and domestic use. Indices for both livelihoods and infrastructure were developed. Dependent and independent variables were identified throughout the analysis and correlations have been evaluated. The results showed a strong correlation between the improved sources of water and the number of productive uses. The amount of water consumed whether for domestic or productive use positively increased with household size and income. Illegal connections to bulk water sources showed increased level of food production. However, those connections demonstrated to have a negative impact on other community members through unequal share of resource. Finally, three alternatives have been suggested using a MUS design and composite indicator of poor households were revaluated to find the best option. Findings of this study showed that improved and properly designed infrastructures play a vital role in poverty alleviation and rural livelihoods. Community driven infrastructures should be implemented in order to gain community acceptance and care. This study recommends further investigation in the choice of appropriate technologies and management strategies governing water access in rural areas using the MUS philosophy. The Department of Water Affairs, Sekhukhune District Municipality and Fetagkomo Local Municipality should double their efforts to find suitable strategies for improved sources of water while striking the balance between private and public partnerships. Achieving this goal will break the cycle of poverty for some community members and stretch their income bracket for adequate living conditions.