University General - Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/11343/198003

Filters

2022 - 2023 6
6
Reset filters

Settings
Statistics
Citations
Author: Karantonis, James × Author: van Rheenen, Tamsyn × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Item
    No Preview Available
    Characterisation of Deficits and Sex Differences in Verbal and Visual Memory/Learning in Bipolar Disorder
    Gogos, A ; Son, J ; Rossell, SL ; Karantonis, J ; Furlong, LS ; Felmingham, K ; Van Rheenen, TE (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2023-01)
    OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment is consistently reported in bipolar disorder (BD), but few studies have characterised which memory component processes are affected. Further, it is unknown whether the component processes underlying memory impairment are moderated by sex. The present study examined diagnosis and sex differences in both verbal and visual memory/learning domains in patients with BD and psychiatrically healthy controls. METHOD: Verbal and visual memory/learning were measured using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). 114 patients with BD (n = 50 males, n = 64 females), were compared to 105 psychiatrically healthy controls (n = 42 males, n = 63 females). RESULTS: Patients with BD had worse performance in verbal and visual immediate and total recall, verbal and visual delayed free recall, and verbal recognition discrimination scores, but there were no group differences in learning slopes and cumulative learning index scores. There were trends for BD females to outperform BD males in visual memory/learning free recall and cumulative learning, but these results did not survive multiple testing correction. These findings did not change in a secondary sensitivity analysis comparing only strictly euthymic BD patients to controls (n = 64). CONCLUSION: The present study found trait-like verbal and visual memory/learning impairment in BD that was attributable to deficient encoding and/or consolidation processes rather than deficits in learning. We did not find marked sex differences in either visual or verbal memory/learning measures, although some trend level effects were apparent and deserve exploration in future studies.
  • Item
    No Preview Available
    Understanding familial liability for emotion regulation difficulties in bipolar disorder
    Van Rheenen, TE ; Miskowiak, K ; Karantonis, J ; Furlong, LS ; Murray, G ; Rossell, SL (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2022-10)
    BACKGROUND: There has been relatively limited work focused on understanding whether relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have difficulties in the regulation of emotion, particularly in relation to perceptions about whether emotions can be effectively regulated, or trait behaviours that acknowledge emotions as self-regulators themselves. In this study, we assessed the presence and extent of difficulties in these dimensions of emotion regulation in individuals with BD compared to unaffected first-degree biological relatives (FDR) for the first time. METHODS: In total, 161 participants, including euthymic individuals with BD, unaffected FDRs, and healthy controls, were compared on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) - a multi-dimensional measure of habitual emotion regulation. Clinical data were also collected and examined in relation to DERS scores in a secondary analysis. RESULTS: In the BD group, difficulties were evident for most dimensions of emotion regulation as measured by the DERS; and correlated with an earlier onset of illness and more mood episodes. FDRs displayed generally normal emotion regulation, except in terms of their beliefs that emotions can be effectively regulated; on this dimension, their reported difficulty was intermediate to the BD group and controls. CONCLUSION: Habitual emotion regulation difficulties in BD persist irrespective of mood state, are related to the course of illness, and should be targeted in psychological interventions. Further, the perception that emotions cannot be effectively regulated during times of distress seems to represent an endophenotype for BD.
  • Item
    No Preview Available
    Mindfulness, mood symptom tendencies and quality of life in bipolar disorder: An examination of the mediating influence of emotion regulation difficulties
    Carruthers, SP ; Rossell, SL ; Murray, G ; Karantonis, J ; Furlong, LS ; Van Rheenen, TE (ELSEVIER, 2022-02-01)
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate dispositional mindfulness and its association with depression and manic tendencies, and subjective life quality in bipolar disorder (BD). Furthermore, this study sought to examine the potential mediating effects of emotion regulation difficulties on these relationships. METHOD: Twenty-eight healthy controls (HC) and 66 clinically stable outpatients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of BD completed the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Seven Up (7 Up) Seven Down (7 Down) and the Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder Questionnaire (QoL.BD). These variables were compared between groups and entered into a series of mediation analyzes using PROCESS in the BD group only. RESULTS: Lower MAAS scores were detected amongst the BD patients compared to HCs. Lower MAAS scores in BD patients predicted higher 7 Up, 7 Down and lower QoL.BD scores. For the 7 Down and QoL.BD, the associations were completely mediated by DERS scores, with difficulties in strategy use and emotional clarity mediating the association between mindfulness and depressive tendencies and quality of life, respectively. No significant direct or indirect effects were detected for the 7 Up model. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. The MAAS conceptualises mindfulness as unidimensional. Self-report scales of depressive and manic tendencies utilised. CONCLUSIONS: This study detected a significant association between dispositional mindfulness and depressive tendencies and life quality in BD, and found that these associations were influenced by emotion regulation difficulties. These findings encourage further investigation of mindfulness-based interventions in BD.
  • Item
    No Preview Available
    Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness
    Patel, Y ; Shin, J ; Abe, C ; Agartz, I ; Alloza, C ; Alnaes, D ; Ambrogi, S ; Antonucci, LA ; Arango, C ; Arolt, V ; Auzias, G ; Ayesa-Arriola, R ; Banaj, N ; Banaschewski, T ; Bandeira, C ; Basgoze, Z ; Cupertino, RB ; Bau, CHD ; Bauer, J ; Baumeister, S ; Bernardoni, F ; Bertolino, A ; del Mar Bonnin, C ; Brandeis, D ; Brem, S ; Bruggemann, J ; Bulow, R ; Bustillo, JR ; Calderoni, S ; Calvo, R ; Canales-Rodriguez, EJ ; Cannon, DM ; Carmona, S ; Carr, VJ ; Catts, SV ; Chenji, S ; Chew, QH ; Coghill, D ; Connolly, CG ; Conzelmann, A ; Craven, AR ; Crespo-Facorro, B ; Cullen, K ; Dahl, A ; Dannlowski, U ; Davey, CG ; Deruelle, C ; Diaz-Caneja, CM ; Dohm, K ; Ehrlich, S ; Epstein, J ; Erwin-Grabner, T ; Eyler, LT ; Fedor, J ; Fitzgerald, J ; Foran, W ; Ford, JM ; Fortea, L ; Fuentes-Claramonte, P ; Fullerton, J ; Furlong, L ; Gallagher, L ; Gao, B ; Gao, S ; Goikolea, JM ; Gotlib, I ; Goya-Maldonado, R ; Grabe, HJ ; Green, M ; Grevet, EH ; Groenewold, NA ; Grotegerd, D ; Gruber, O ; Haavik, J ; Hahn, T ; Harrison, BJ ; Heindel, W ; Henskens, F ; Heslenfeld, DJ ; Hilland, E ; Hoekstra, PJ ; Hohmann, S ; Holz, N ; Howells, FM ; Ipser, JC ; Jahanshad, N ; Jakobi, B ; Jansen, A ; Janssen, J ; Jonassen, R ; Kaiser, A ; Kaleda, V ; Karantonis, J ; King, JA ; Kircher, T ; Kochunov, P ; Koopowitz, S-M ; Landen, M ; Landro, NI ; Lawrie, S ; Lebedeva, I ; Luna, B ; Lundervold, AJ ; MacMaster, FP ; Maglanoc, LA ; Mathalon, DH ; McDonald, C ; McIntosh, A ; Meinert, S ; Michie, PT ; Mitchell, P ; Moreno-Alcazar, A ; Mowry, B ; Muratori, F ; Nabulsi, L ; Nenadic, I ; Tuura, RO ; Oosterlaan, J ; Overs, B ; Pantelis, C ; Parellada, M ; Pariente, JC ; Pauli, P ; Pergola, G ; Piarulli, FM ; Picon, F ; Piras, F ; Pomarol-Clotet, E ; Pretus, C ; Quide, Y ; Radua, J ; Ramos-Quiroga, JA ; Rasser, PE ; Reif, A ; Retico, A ; Roberts, G ; Rossell, S ; Rovaris, DL ; Rubia, K ; Sacchet, M ; Salavert, J ; Salvador, R ; Sarro, S ; Sawa, A ; Schall, U ; Scott, R ; Selvaggi, P ; Silk, T ; Sim, K ; Skoch, A ; Spalletta, G ; Spaniel, F ; Stein, DJ ; Steinstrater, O ; Stolicyn, A ; Takayanagi, Y ; Tamm, L ; Tavares, M ; Teumer, A ; Thiel, K ; Thomopoulos, SI ; Tomecek, D ; Tomyshev, AS ; Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D ; Tosetti, M ; Uhlmann, A ; Van Rheenen, T ; Vazquez-Bourgon, J ; Vernooij, MW ; Vieta, E ; Vilarroya, O ; Weickert, C ; Weickert, T ; Westlye, LT ; Whalley, H ; Willinger, D ; Winter, A ; Wittfeld, K ; Yang, TT ; Yoncheva, Y ; Zijlmans, JL ; Hoogman, M ; Franke, B ; van Rooij, D ; Buitelaar, J ; Ching, CRK ; Andreassen, OA ; Pozzi, E ; Veltman, D ; Schmaal, L ; van Erp, TGM ; Turner, J ; Castellanos, FX ; Pausova, Z ; Thompson, P ; Paus, T (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2022-08-15)
    BACKGROUND: Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS: Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS: Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from typical brain development during pregnancy.
  • Item
    No Preview Available
    Characterising Demographic, Clinical and Functional Features of Cognitive Subgroups in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review
    Carruthers, SP ; Van Rheenen, TE ; Karantonis, JA ; Rossell, SL (SPRINGER, 2022-12-01)
    Considerable cognitive heterogeneity is present within the schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) population. Several subgroups characterised by more homogenous cognitive profiles have been identified. It is not yet clear however, whether these subgroups represent different points along a continuum of cognitive symptom severity, or whether they reflect unique profiles of the disorder. One way to determine this is by comparing subgroups on their non-cognitive characteristics. The aim of the present review was to systematically summarise our current understanding of the non-cognitive features of the cognitive subgroups of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Thirty-five relevant studies were identified from January 1980 to March 2020. Cognitive subgroups were consistently compared on age, sex, education, age of illness onset, illness duration, positive, negative and disorganised symptoms, depression and psychosocial functioning. It was revealed that subgroups were consistently distinguished by education, negative symptom severity and degree of functional impairment; with subgroups characterised by worse cognitive functioning performing/rated worse on these characteristics. The lack of consistent subgroup differences for the majority of the non-cognitive characteristics provides partial support for the notion that cognitive subgrouping in SSD is not simply reflecting a rehash of previously identified clinical subtypes. However, as subgroups were consistently distinguished by three characteristics known to be associated with cognition, our understanding of the extent to which the cognitive subgrouping approach is representing separate subtypes versus subdivisions along a continuum of symptom severity is still not definitive.
  • Item
    No Preview Available
    A preliminary investigation of the clinical and cognitive correlates of circulating vitamin D in bipolar disorder
    Van Rheenen, TE ; Ringin, E ; Karantonis, JA ; Furlong, L ; Bozaoglu, K ; Rossell, SL ; Berk, M ; Balanza-Martinez, V (ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2023-02)
    The role that vitamin D plays in the cognitive and clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder (BD) is unclear. We examined differences in the levels and deficiency status of vitamin D in an Australian sample of BD patients compared to healthy controls; and determined the extent to which vitamin D is associated with clinical variables and cognitive function in the sample. 22 healthy controls and 55 stable outpatients with a diagnosis of BD and low-grade mood symptomatology provided a sample of blood and completed cognitive tests and clinical measures. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) were assayed and used to segregate participants into subgroups with sufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D. Subgroups were then compared in terms of global cognition and a range of sociodemographic and clinical factors (number of past mood episodes, illness duration, seasonal mood pattern, mood symptom severity), while mean levels of vitamin D were compared between patients and controls. Although almost 27% of the current sample were vitamin D deficient, no significant differences in mean vitamin D levels or the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were evident between BD patients and controls. Vitamin D was not associated with global cognition in either patients or controls, nor any of the clinical measures assessed in the study. In conclusion, we observed no difference in the vitamin D levels and deficiency status of an Australian sample of healthy individuals and BD patients with low grade mood symptomatology compared to controls. Clinical symptoms and global cognition also appear to be independent of vitamin D levels in BD.