School of Social and Political Sciences - Research Publications
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ItemGender-based violence and carceral feminism in Australia: towards decarceral approaches(Springer, 2024-04-08)This article explores the limitations of criminal legal responses to gender-based violence in Australia, specifically sexual assault law reforms and the criminalisation of coercive control. We demonstrate that carceral horizons deployed to address gender-based violence cause further harm to survivors and overshadow diverse perceptions and practices of justice. We suggest that such an approach is inappropriate and dangerous in the Australian context, given the historical and enduring harms of colonisation and the extent to which the actors within and the structure of the criminal legal system perpetrate violence towards Indigenous survivors of gender-based violence. Drawing on insights from research on survivors’ justice needs, survivors’ experiences in the criminal legal system, and abolitionist, transformative, and Indigenous scholarship, we discuss the potential for alternative ways of conceptualising justice responses in the Australian context that move beyond and avoid further perpetuating the harms arising from criminal legal responses to gender-based violence.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAged Care and the Convention Against Torture: ‘It Was Like Guantanamo Bay’(Palgrave Macmillan, 2024)There is a relative absence of criminological engagement with aged care, both as a site of confinement and control, and a site where human rights are often routinely breached. Similarly, the Australian government is unwilling to include residential aged care sites within the remit of the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Instead, it relies on a narrow definition of ‘deprivation of liberty,’ applying the treaty only to what it terms ‘primary places of detention,’ thereby excluding aged care facilities. This chapter reflects upon this failure to include aged care sites under the ambit of the Convention while also calling upon criminologists to engage more attentively with such sites of care and the human rights breaches that they generate. Criminology delivers important insights into places of ‘care’ that share many characteristics with those purposed as punishment and detention. Nonetheless, a ‘criminology’ of human rights is misguided as long as it presumes that rights-based laws can always deliver on their promise. Accordingly, any research agenda within criminology must engage with the limits of human rights and, in particular, with how these limits are made manifest within carceral and confined sites.
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ItemFrom online trolls to ‘Slut Shaming’: understanding the role of incivility and gender abuse in local government(Informa UK Limited, 2024-01-01)
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ItemDispossession, social reproduction and the feminization of refugee survival: Ethiopian refugees in Nairobi, Kenya(Informa UK Limited, 2023-01-01)
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ItemSueños náuticos en Australia (Australia's nuclear nautical dreams)(La Vanguardia, 2022-08-25)In a surprising statement with implications for nuclear weapons proliferation, Australia announced in October last year that it would pursue nuclear-powered and conventionally armed submarines. An eighteen-month study has to determine if and how the project is carried out. If it materializes, it would be done in collaboration with the United Kingdom and the United States, two traditional allies of Australia. The three countries have established the AUKUS partnership to strengthen defense and security cooperation in various areas, including, in addition to the submarine project, cyber capabilities, artificial intelligence and quantum technologies. In November 2021, the three countries signed an agreement that allows the exchange of information and visits to facilitate the study of submarines. The obstacles to Australia's submarine ambitions are legion. Among them, their astronomical costs (some estimates reach 14 billion Australian dollars per unit), Australia's limited technical capacity to build, operate, maintain and deploy such ships and the secrecy surrounding the nuclear propulsion technology that neither the UK nor the US will be willing to share with Australia. Although details are currently scarce, the most likely scenario is that Australia will try to build the submarines itself (probably eight) in the south of the country and import the nuclear reactors and highly enriched uranium fuel from the US ( UAE). The fuel would be sealed in the reactors before passing into Australian hands and returned to the US at the end of life for removal and disposal. One of the advantages of submarine reactors fueled by UAE is that they have cores that last the entire life of the submarine and do not require periodic recharging. Although there are undoubted military advantages to acquiring submarines that are quieter, can remain submerged longer, and have greater range than conventional submarines, there are also significant disadvantages.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableResponse to a scandal: sex work, race, and the development sector in Haiti(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2023-01-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableBaby Bump or Baby Slump? COVID-19, Lockdowns, and their Effects on Births in Australia(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2024-03)This study examines changes in birth rates in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic and the extent to which such changes were influenced by lockdowns. We use natality data at State and small regional area levels spanning the period from 2011 to 2022. In our empirical approach, we first take advantage of a unique quasi-experimental setting that arose in Victoria, Australia's second most populous State, during the first year of the pandemic. Victoria imposed a 111-day stay-at-home lockdown while other States and Territories enforced milder restrictions on social and economic activities. We then exploit lockdowns that lasted more than three months in Victoria and New South Wales in the second year of the pandemic. Within these quasi-experimental settings, our empirical approach was to first use monthly data at the State-level and estimate birth rate deviations from secular trends for the months affected by COVID-19 policies. We also estimate separate models to examine variations in births across regional areas with different compositions of Indigenous population, unemployment, low-income, and non-English speaking residents. Our findings reveal a nationwide fertility increase in 2021, but Victoria exhibited slower growth, especially in areas with higher unemployment, lower income, and more non-English speaking residents. In 2022, we find evidence of a gradual return of birth rates to pre-pandemic trends, though this is mainly concentrated in the major cities. While the second-year lockdowns had limited impacts, language-diverse areas still mostly experienced lower rates of growth in birth rates.
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ItemThe ontology and epistemology shaping our understanding of inclusion: A critical review of the research literature on disability and inclusion(Wiley, 2023-06-29)People with disability continue to face barriers to substantive and meaningfulinclusion in accommodation and community settings. The aim of this system-atic review was to examine the characteristics of the literature on‘inclusion’,‘integration’,‘exclusion’, and‘segregation’for people with disability inaccommodation and community settings. This literature is important becauseit provides the evidence base that informs policy and practice. We identified457 articles that primarily related to the experiences of people with intellectualdisability and psycho-social disability.We found: (1) the volume of publicationsrelating to the‘inclusion’,‘integration’,‘exclusion’and‘segregation’of peoplewith disability in accommodation and community living settings has increasedeach year since 2006; (2) high-income western countries were overrepresented inresearch outputs; (3) most research has been undertaken in the health sciences;(4) only 30% of literature directly engaged with people with disability; (5) lessthan 50% of the publications we reviewed (223 out of 457 manuscripts) identifiedinclusion, integration, exclusion andsegregation as their primary focus; (6)‘inclu-sion’,‘integration’,‘exclusion’and‘segregation’were predominantly used in thecontext of specific populations—psycho-social disability and intellectual disabil-ity; (7) there is great variation in the attention paid to the experiences of differentcommunities of people with disability; and (8) the notable absence of currentscholarly literature on the experiences and outcomes of people with disability liv-ing at home with parents and/or siblings. Each of these findings have importantimplications for the research agenda, policy, and practice
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ItemThe IAEA’s Critical Role in Nuclear Security(Oxford University Press, 2023-05-11)The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the key multilateral global nuclear governance body, describes itself as the ‘global platform’ for nuclear security efforts, with a ‘central role’ in facilitating international cooperation in the field. After initial contestation among member states about whether the IAEA’s mandate encompassed it, nuclear security has now been universally accepted as a valuable mainstream IAEA activity. Although states still insist that nuclear security is primarily their responsibility, the Agency’s programme continues to evolve and grow and can barely meet demand for its services. It has been particularly effective in promulgating recommendations for enhancing nuclear security at the national level and in advising and assisting states in striving for higher standards. Since the end of the Nuclear Security Summit process in 2016, the IAEA has taken on the role of principal conference convenor, involving a ministerial meeting and increasingly creative technical presentations and side events. The Agency faces the usual dilemmas of international organisations in being constrained by what its member states will allow and by financial and technical limitations. This can result in modest advances after painstaking negotiations and lowest-common-denominator approaches. With a more expansive mandate, sharper prioritisation and evaluation of its activities, and guaranteed funding through the regular budget, the IAEA could make a significantly greater contribution to preventing nuclear terrorism.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableWhere is the mutilation? Understanding the High Court's deliberation on FGM in Vaziri and Magennis(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2024-03)In 2015, Vaziri and Magennis – the first case on female genital mutilation (FGM) – was prosecuted in Australia. Three people were convicted. In 2018, the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal ruled that the judgment was a ‘potential miscarriage of justice’. The prosecution pushed for ‘leave to appeal’ to the High Court of Australia and for consideration of the meaning of mutilation. The appeal was held in 2019, and the NSWCCA judgment was overturned. In this article, I examine the absence of discussions of male circumcision and female genital cosmetic surgery in this case and ask not only what form of cut produces a legal definition of mutilation, but where this cut must be and on what form of body.