Computing and Information Systems - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailableNear-infrared Imaging for Information Embedding and Extraction with Layered Structures(ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, 2023-02)Non-invasive inspection and imaging techniques are used to acquire non-visible information embedded in samples. Typical applications include medical imaging, defect evaluation, and electronics testing. However, existing methods have specific limitations, including safety risks (e.g., X-ray), equipment costs (e.g., optical tomography), personnel training (e.g., ultrasonography), and material constraints (e.g., terahertz spectroscopy). Such constraints make these approaches impractical for everyday scenarios. In this article, we present a method that is low-cost and practical for non-invasive inspection in everyday settings. Our prototype incorporates a miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy scanner driven by a computer-controlled 2D-plotter. Our work presents a method to optimize content embedding, as well as a wavelength selection algorithm to extract content without human supervision. We show that our method can successfully extract occluded text through a paper stack of up to 16 pages. In addition, we present a deep-learning-based image enhancement model that can further improve the image quality and simultaneously decompose overlapping content. Finally, we demonstrate how our method can be generalized to different inks and other layered materials beyond paper. Our approach enables a wide range of content embedding applications, including chipless information embedding, physical secret sharing, 3D print evaluations, and steganography.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAWARE-Light: a smartphone tool for experience sampling and digital phenotyping(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023-04-01)
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ItemUse of thermal imaging to measure the quality of hand hygiene(W B SAUNDERS CO LTD, 2023-09)OBJECTIVES: Hand hygiene has long been promoted as the most effective way to prevent the transmission of infection. However, due to low compliance and low quality of hand hygiene reported in previous studies, constant monitoring of hand hygiene compliance and quality among healthcare workers is crucial. This study investigated the feasibility of using a thermal camera with an RGB camera to detect hand coverage of alcohol-based formulation, thereby monitoring the quality of hand rubbing. METHODS: In total, 32 participants were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were required to perform four types of hand rubbing to achieve different coverage of the alcohol-based formulation. After each task, participants' hands were photographed under a thermal camera and an RGB camera, while an ultraviolet (UV) test was used to provide the ground truth of hand coverage of alcohol-based formulation. U-Net was used to segment areas exposed to alcohol-based formulation from thermal images, and system performance was evaluated by comparing differences in coverage between thermal images and UV images in terms of accuracy and Dice coefficient. RESULTS: This system found promising results in terms of accuracy (93.5%) and Dice coefficient (87.1%) when observations took place 10 s after hand rubbing. At 60 s after hand rubbing, accuracy and Dice coefficient were 92.4% and 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal imaging has potential for accurate, constant and systematic monitoring of the quality of hand hygiene.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableUnderstanding What Drives Long-term Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Secondary Causal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking and Therapy Engagement(JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC, 2023)BACKGROUND: Low engagement rates with digital mental health interventions are a major challenge in the field. Multicomponent digital interventions aim to improve engagement by adding components such as social networks. Although social networks may be engaging, they may not be sufficient to improve clinical outcomes or lead users to engage with key therapeutic components. Therefore, we need to understand what components drive engagement with digital mental health interventions overall and what drives engagement with key therapeutic components. OBJECTIVE: Horyzons was an 18-month digital mental health intervention for young people recovering from first-episode psychosis, incorporating therapeutic content and a private social network. However, it is unclear whether use of the social network leads to subsequent use of therapeutic content or vice versa. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between the social networking and therapeutic components of Horyzons. METHODS: Participants comprised 82 young people (16-27 years) recovering from first-episode psychosis. Multiple convergent cross mapping was used to test causality, as a secondary analysis of the Horyzons intervention. Multiple convergent cross mapping tested the direction of the relationship between each pair of social and therapeutic system usage variables on Horyzons, using longitudinal usage data. RESULTS: Results indicated that the social networking aspects of Horyzons were most engaging. Posting on the social network drove engagement with all therapeutic components (r=0.06-0.36). Reacting to social network posts drove engagement with all therapeutic components (r=0.39-0.65). Commenting on social network posts drove engagement with most therapeutic components (r=0.11-0.18). Liking social network posts drove engagement with most therapeutic components (r=0.09-0.17). However, starting a therapy pathway led to commenting on social network posts (r=0.05) and liking social network posts (r=0.06), and completing a therapy action led to commenting on social network posts (r=0.14) and liking social network posts (r=0.15). CONCLUSIONS: The online social network was a key driver of long-term engagement with the Horyzons intervention and fostered engagement with key therapeutic components and ingredients of the intervention. Online social networks can be further leveraged to engage young people with therapeutic content to ensure treatment effects are maintained and to create virtuous cycles between all intervention components to maintain engagement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12614000009617; https://www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au/anzctr/trial/ACTRN12614000009617.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableMethodological Standards in Accessibility Research on Motor Impairments: A Survey(ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, 2023-07)The design and evaluation of accessibility technology is a core component of the computer science landscape, aiming to ensure that digital innovations are accessible to all. One of the most prominent and long-lasting areas of accessibility research focuses on motor impairments—deficiencies that affect the ability to move, manipulate objects, and interact with the physical world. In this survey article, we present an extensive overview of the past two decades of research into accessibility for people with motor impairments. Following a structured selection process, we analyzed the study details as reported in 177 relevant papers. Based on this analysis, we critically assess user representation, measurement instruments, and existing barriers that exist in accessibility research. Finally, we discuss future directions for accessibility research within the computer science domain.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableUnderstanding How to Administer Voice Surveys through Smart Speakers(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022-11-11)Smart speakers have become exceedingly popular and entered many people's homes due to their ability to engage users with natural conversations. Researchers have also looked into using smart speakers as an interface to collect self-reported health data through conversations. Responding to surveys prompted by smart speakers requires users to listen to questions and answer in voice without any visual stimuli. Compared to traditional web-based surveys, where users can see questions and answers visually, voice surveys may be more cognitively challenging. Therefore, to collect reliable survey data, it is important to understand what types of questions are suitable to be administered by smart speakers. We selected five common survey questionnaires and deployed them as voice surveys and web surveys in a within-subject study. Our 24 participants answered questions using voice and web questionnaires in one session. They then repeated the same study session after 1 week to provide a "retest'' response. Our results suggest that voice surveys have comparable reliability to web surveys. We find that, when using 5-point or 7-point scales, voice surveys take about twice as long as web surveys. Based on objective measurements, such as response agreement and test-retest reliability, and subjective evaluations of user experience, we recommend that researchers consider adopting the binary scale and 5-point numerical scales for voice surveys on smart speakers.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableDigital Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life(ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, 2022)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableWhat Could Possibly Go Wrong When Interacting with Proactive Smart Speakers? A Case Study Using an ESM Application(ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, 2022)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableMapping 20 years of accessibility research in HCI: A co-word analysis(Elsevier BV, 2023-07-01)We employ hierarchical clustering, strategic diagrams, and network core–periphery analysis to assess and visualise the intellectual progress of accessibility research within HCI in the past two decades. The study quantifies and explains the development of accessibility research and its thematic evolution based on 1,535 papers published at TACCESS, ASSETS, IJHCS, and CHI and their respective 3,470 author-assigned keywords. The novelty of this work is based on employing a quantitative methodological approach to provide an overview of accessibility research progress and insights into its driving and trending themes through the period 2001–2021. In addition, we identify declining, emerging, and core backbone themes of accessibility research. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for research that arise from our findings. These contributions provide a roadmap for researchers working on accessibility.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableEmotion trajectories in smartphone use: Towards recognizing emotion regulation in-the-wild(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2022-10)
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