Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA) - Research Publications

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Author: Baird, Paul × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Journal Article ×

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    Examining Corneal Tissue Exportation Fee and Its Impact on Equitable Allocation
    Machin, H ; Sutton, G ; Baird, PN (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2022-03)
    METHODS: We conducted grounded theory semistructured interviews, purposively inviting participants until themed saturation was met. Sentiment analysis was used to determine opinion. RESULTS: We interviewed n = 92 global eye tissue and eye bank professionals. We determined that corneal tissue, which is exported, costs between US $100 and US $6000 or is provided as gratis. Collectively, interviewees indicated that, globally, there were no fixed fee structures in place, and the fee was influenced by multiple factors on both export and import sides. They indicated that ultimately corneas were allocated based on the importers' ability to pay the price determined by the exporting eye bank. DISCUSSION: Allocation of corneal tissue, which is exported, is influenced by the fees charged by the exporters to meet their bottom line and the funds available to importers. Therefore, export allocation is not equitable, with those who can pay a higher fee, prioritized. Steps to guide and support exporters with the development of fee structures that promote equitable allocation are essential. This will assist both export and import eye bank development, corneal tissue access development, and those awaiting a corneal transplant.
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    Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error
    Fan, Q ; Pozarickij, A ; Tan, NYQ ; Guo, X ; Verhoeven, VJM ; Vitart, V ; Guggenheim, JA ; Miyake, M ; Tideman, JWL ; Khawaja, AP ; Zhang, L ; MacGregor, S ; Hoehn, R ; Chen, P ; Biino, G ; Wedenoja, J ; Saffari, SE ; Tedja, MS ; Xie, J ; Lanca, C ; Wang, YX ; Sahebjada, S ; Mazur, J ; Mirshahi, A ; Martin, NG ; Yazar, S ; Pennell, CE ; Yap, M ; Haarman, AEG ; Enthoven, CA ; Polling, J ; Hewitt, AW ; Jaddoe, VWV ; van Duijn, CM ; Hayward, C ; Polasek, O ; Tai, E-S ; Yoshikatsu, H ; Hysi, PG ; Young, TL ; Tsujikawa, A ; Wang, JJ ; Mitchell, P ; Pfeiffer, N ; Parssinen, O ; Foster, PJ ; Fossarello, M ; Yip, SP ; Williams, C ; Hammond, CJ ; Jonas, JB ; He, M ; Mackey, DA ; Wong, T-Y ; Klaver, CCW ; Saw, S-M ; Baird, PN ; Cheng, C-Y (NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2020-03-19)
    Corneal curvature, a highly heritable trait, is a key clinical endophenotype for myopia - a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Here we present a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of corneal curvature GWAS in 44,042 individuals of Caucasian and Asian with replication in 88,218 UK Biobank data. We identified 47 loci (of which 26 are novel), with population-specific signals as well as shared signals across ethnicities. Some identified variants showed precise scaling in corneal curvature and eye elongation (i.e. axial length) to maintain eyes in emmetropia (i.e. HDAC11/FBLN2 rs2630445, RBP3 rs11204213); others exhibited association with myopia with little pleiotropic effects on eye elongation. Implicated genes are involved in extracellular matrix organization, developmental process for body and eye, connective tissue cartilage and glycosylation protein activities. Our study provides insights into population-specific novel genes for corneal curvature, and their pleiotropic effect in regulating eye size or conferring susceptibility to myopia.