Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA) - Research Publications
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ItemImpact of type 2 diabetes on hospitalization and mortality in people with malignancy(WILEY, 2020-02)AIM: To compare the characteristics of and outcomes for people with malignancies with and without a co-diagnosis of diabetes. METHODS: Emergency department and hospital discharge data from a single centre for the period between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 were used to identify people with a diagnosis of a malignancy and diabetes. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of diabetes on all-cause mortality. A truncated negative binomial regression model was used to assess the impact of diabetes on length of hospital inpatient stay. Prentice-Williams-Peterson total time models were used to assess the effect of diabetes on number of emergency department re-presentations and inpatient re-admissions. RESULTS: Of 7004 people identified with malignancies, 1195 (17.1%) were also diagnosed with diabetes. A diagnosis of diabetes was associated with a greater number of inpatient re-admissions [adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.03, 1.24)], a greater number of emergency department re-presentations [adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.05, 1.22)] and longer length of stay [adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.14 (95% CI 1.04, 1.25)]. A co-diagnosis of diabetes was also associated with a 48% increased risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 1.48 (95% CI 1.22-1.76)]. CONCLUSIONS: People with malignancies and diabetes had significantly more emergency department presentations, more inpatient admissions, longer length of hospital stay and higher rates of all-cause mortality compared to people with a malignancy without diabetes.
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ItemLipid-lowering therapy use and achievement of cholesterol targets in an Australian diabetes clinic(WILEY, 2018-02)We documented temporal changes in the use of lipid-lowering medications and achievement of cholesterol targets in an Australian diabetes clinic. The number of patients using lipid-lowering therapy for primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention increased from 6 to 69% between 1993-1995 and 2014-2016, which corresponded to a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from 3.7 to 2.4 mmol/L (P < 0.01).
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ItemEvaluation of the diagnostic performance of the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation in people with diabetes: A systematic review(WILEY, 2021-01)AIMS: GFR estimated with the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICr ) equation is used to screen for diabetic kidney disease and assess its severity. We systematically reviewed the process and outcome of evaluating CKD-EPICr in estimating point GFR or GFR decline over time in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this systematic review, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to August 2019. Observational studies comparing CKD-EPICr with measured GFR (mGFR) in adults with diabetes were included. Studies on people with kidney transplant, non-diabetes related kidney disease, pregnancy, potential kidney donors, and those with critical or other systematic illnesses were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data from published papers and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018108776). RESULTS: From the 2820 records identified, 29 studies (14 704 participants) were included. All studies were at risk of bias. Bias (eight different forms) ranged from -26 to 35 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ; precision (five different forms) ranged between 9 and 63 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ; accuracy (five different forms) ranged between 16% and 96%; the correlation coefficient between CKD-EPICr and mGFR (four different forms) ranged between 0.38 and 0.86; and the reduced major axis regression slope ranged between 0.8 and 1.8. CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative synthesis of data suggested CKD-EPICr was inaccurate in estimating point GFR or GFR decline over time. Furthermore, a lack of consistency in the methods and processes of evaluating the diagnostic performance of CKD-EPICr limits reliable quantitative assessment. The equation needs to be improved in adults with diabetes.
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ItemDiagnostic performance of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at estimating glomerular filtration rate in adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol(BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, 2019-08)INTRODUCTION: Timely detection leading to the implementation of reno-protective measures reduces the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a major surrogate of kidney function. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Equation is a tool to estimate GFR. This protocol outlines a systematic-review, assessing the diagnostic accuracy of the CKD-EPI equation in adults with diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and grey literature will be searched for publications in English, Farsi, Dutch and Chinese from 2009 (when CKD-EPI was first introduced) to January 2019. Bridging searches will be conducted to capture literature published from January 2019 until final review publication. The inclusion criteria will be (1) study participants with diabetes; (2) age ≥18 years; (3) creatinine-based CKD-EPI eGFR as index test; (4) measured GFR using the clearance/plasma disappearance of inulin, iohexol, iothalamate, diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) or chromium labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) as reference test; (5) report of the diagnostic accuracy of the index test. Exclusion criteria will be participants with renal transplant, chronic use of corticosteroids, chronic inflammatory diseases, pregnancy, non-diabetes related kidney disease, thalassaemia, heart failure, pregnancy and potential kidney donors as well as critically ill patients. Screening, eligibility check, risk of bias assessment and data extraction will be carried out by two independent reviewers. Any discrepancies will be discussed, and third-party opinion will be sought. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. A quantitative synthesis of the aggregated-data will be used if the included studies are homogenous. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethics approval is required. The outcome will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The results will help researchers and clinicians evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the creatinine-based CKD-EPI eGFR in adults with diabetes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018108776.