Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research - Research Publications

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Gender Gaps in Early Educational Achievement

MOSCHION, J ; Cobb-Clark, D (Springer Nature, 2017-10)

This paper analyzes the source of the gender gap in third-grade numeracy and reading. We adopt an Oaxaca-Blinder approach and decompose the gender gap in educational achievement into endowment and response components. Our estimation relies on unusually rich panel data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children in which information on child development reported by parents and teachers is linked to each child’s results on a national, standardized achievement test. We find that girls in low- and middle-socio-economic-status (SES) families have an advantage in reading, while boys in high-SES families have an advantage in numeracy. Girls score higher on their third-grade reading tests in large part because they were more ready for school at age 4 and had better teacher-assessed literacy skills in kindergarten. Boys’ advantage in numeracy occurs because they achieve higher numeracy test scores than girls with the same education-related characteristics.
The Social Multiplier and Labor Market Participation of Mothers

Maurin, E ; MOSCHION, J (American Economic Association, 2009)

In France, as in the US, a mother's labor market participation is influenced by the sex composition of her two eldest siblings. This paper shows that it is also affected by the sex composition of the eldest siblings of the other mothers living in the same close neighborhood. Using the sex composition of neighbors' eldest siblings as an instrumental variable, we identify a significant elasticity of own labor market participation to neighbors' participation. We present supportive evidence by comparing the estimates under two regimes for family benefits (pre-and post-1994 reform) and using quarter of birth as an alternative instrument.
The impact of fertility on mothers' labour supply in Australia: Evidence from exogenous variation in family size

Moschion, J (John Wiley & Sons, 2013-09-13)

This paper estimates the impact of fertility on mothers' labour supply in Australia, using exogenous variation in family size generated by twin births and the gender mix of siblings. Results show that having more than one child decreases mothers' labour market participation by 12 percentage points and hours worked by around four hours per week. Having more than two children reduces labour market participation by 12 percentage points and hours worked by three hours a week. Compared with other countries, the effects for Australia are large.
RECONCILING WORK AND FAMILY LIFE: THE EFFECT OF PRESCHOOLING

Moschion, J (PRESSES FOND NAT SCI POLIT, 2012-03)

Résumé En France, le nombre d’enfants a un impact négatif sur l’offre de travail des mères. Cet article pose la question de savoir si la préscolarisation réduit cet effet et favorise ainsi la conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle. En utilisant l’hétérogénéité géographique des taux de scolarisation à 2 ans, nous trouvons que la préscolarisation aide les mères diplômées du supérieur à concilier leurs responsabilités familiale et professionnelle lorsqu’elles passent de deux à plus de deux enfants. En revanche, la préscolarisation ne permet pas aux mères moins diplômées de se maintenir en activité lorsque le nombre d’enfants augmente.
Offre de travail des mères en France: L'effet causal du passage de deux à trois enfants

Moschion, J (Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), 2009)
Reconciling Work and Family Life: The Effect of the French Paid Parental Leave

Moschion, J (JSTOR, 2010)
Introducing 'Journeys Home'

Wooden, MP ; Bevitt, AJ ; Chigavazira, AT ; Greer, N ; Johnson, G ; Killackey, EJ ; Moschion, J ; Scutella, R ; Tseng, Y ; Watson, N (Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2012)

Homelessness, despite being a major social policy issue in Australia, is an area that is not well served by data. Most sorely lacking is any large-scale panel study that follows a broad sample of persons with recent experience of homelessness and unstable housing histories. In 2010, the Australian Government set about rectifying this deficiency when it commissioned the Melbourne Institute to undertake a new panel study, now known as ‘Journeys Home’. This study draws its sample from the population of Centrelink income-support recipients, targeting persons identified in the administrative data as having recent experience of homelessness, as well as others with similar characteristics who may be vulnerable to housing difficulties in the future. This article summarises the design of this new study and reports on fieldwork outcomes from the first two waves of data collection.
From substance use to homelessness or vice versa?

McVicar, D ; Moschion, J ; van Ours, JC (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2015-07)

Homelessness is associated with substance use, but whether substance use precedes or follows homelessness is unclear. We investigate the nature of the relationship between homelessness and substance use using data from the unique Australian panel dataset Journeys Home collected in 4 surveys over the period from October 2011 to May 2013. Our data refer to 1325 individuals who were homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. We investigate dynamics in homelessness and substance use over the survey period. We find that the two are closely related: homeless individuals are more likely to be substance users and substance users are more likely to be homeless. These relationships, however, are predominantly driven by observed and unobserved individual characteristics which cause individuals to be both more likely to be homeless and to be substance users. Once we take these personal characteristics into account it seems that homelessness does not affect substance use, although we cannot rule out that alcohol use increases the probability that an individual becomes homeless. These overall relationships also hide some interesting heterogeneity by 'type' of homelessness.
Trust of second-generation immigrants: intergenerational transmission or cultural assimilation?

MOSCHION, J ; Tabasso, D (Springer New York LLC, 2014)

This paper studies the respective influences of intergenerational transmission and the environment in shaping individual trust. Focusing on second generation immigrants in Australia and the United States, we exploit the variation in the home country and in the host country to separate the effect of cultural transmission from that of the social and economic conditions on individual trust. Our results indicate that trust in the home country contributes to the trust of second generation immigrants in both of the host countries, and marginally more in the United States. Social and economic conditions in the host country also affect individual trust.
IT-Based Technical Change and Job Instability

Behaghel, L ; Moschion, J (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016-01)

Abstract We investigate the impact of IT diffusion on the stability of employment. We document the evolution of different components of job instability over a panel of 348 cities in France, from the mid‐1970s to the early 2000s. The evidence goes against the view that the diffusion of IT has spurred job instability. Yet, analysing long‐term differences in the occupational structure, we find that IT diffusion has increased the share of high‐skill occupations at the expense of low‐skill occupations. This is consistent with French firms' reliance on their internal labour market to meet the new skill requirements associated with IT diffusion.