School of Earth Sciences - Research Publications

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Slip rate estimation from tilting of marine terraces above an offshore listric thrust fault, Kaikoura, New Zealand

Duffy, B ; Clark, KJ ; Upton, P ; Langridge, R ; Kelly, K ; Hammond, K (GNS Science, 2017-11-13)

Slip on an offshore fault uplifted and tilted the Kaikoura Peninsula during the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake. Analysis of a 2012, 1m Lidar DEM shows that the uplifted Kaikoura marine terraces have been progressively tilted in the same manner since 120 ka. A Monte-Carlo analysis of tilt-age relationships, based on a model of listric faulting, and using published age data and Papuan and regional sea level curves, implies that slip rates have increased from 2.3 ± 1.3 mm/yr to 4.1 ± 1.2 mm/yr since c.60 ka. Comparison of the elevation of young, uplifted beaches surrounding the peninsula, with a Late Holocene sea level curve, suggests three earthquake events (including 2016) over 3 kyr. The timing of the earthquakes implies lower Late Holocene slip rates, compared with post-60 ka slip rates; comparison of these events with paleoseismic records of the Marlborough Fault System is interpreted to suggest latest Holocene clustering of seismicity.