Economics - Research Publications

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2003 - 2010 16
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Subject: Banking × Start date: 2003 × End date: 2010 ×

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    Emissions variability in tradable permit markets with imperfect enforcement and banking
    Cason, Timothy ; GANGADHARAN, LATA ( 2004-09)
    Unexpected variation in emissions can have a substantial impact on the prices and efficiency oftradable emission permit markets. In this paper we report results from a laboratory experiment inwhich subjects participate in an emissions trading market in the presence of emissionsuncertainty. Subjects face exogenous, random positive or negative shocks to their emission levelsafter they make production and emission control plans. In some sessions we allow subjects tobank their unused permits for future use. In all sessions, subjects can trade in a reconciliationperiod to buy or sell extra permits following the shock realization. Subjects then report theiremissions to the regulatory authority and they are placed in different inspection groupsdepending on their compliance history. The design of our experiment allows us to identifyimportant interactions between emission shocks, banking, compliance and enforcement. We findthat the relationship between emission shocks and price changes is significantly stronger withoutbanking, so banking helps smooth out the price variability arising from the imperfect control ofemissions. This greater price stability comes at a cost, however, since noncompliance andemissions are significantly greater when banking is allowed.
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    Investment decisions and emissions reductions: results from experiments in emissions trading
    GANGADHARAN, LATA ; Farrell, Alex ; Croson, Rachel ( 2005-07)
    Emissions trading is an important regulatory tool in environmental policy making.Unfortunately the effectiveness of these regulations is difficult to measure in the field due to theunavailability of appropriate data. In contrast, experiments in the laboratory can provideguidance to regulators and legislatures about the performance of different market features inemission trading programs. This paper reports on the implementation of three differentinstitutional designs, and presents experimental results investigating important features ofemissions trading regimes: the ability to make investments in emissions abatement, ability tobank allowances and a declining emissions cap, both with and without uncertainty. Thesefeatures are observed in virtually all existing air pollution emissions trading programs currentlyin place and will almost certainly be part of future applications. Like previous experimentalstudies of emissions trading, this paper shows that the efficiency gains expected from economictheory emerge observationally. We also show reduced efficiency when permits are bankable dueto over-banking and when investments in emissions abatement are possible due to overinvesting.These tendencies do not worsen, however, when emissions caps decline.
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    On the distribution of the deficit at ruin when claims are phase-type
    Drekic, S ; DICKSON, D ; Stanford, DA ; Willmot, GE ( 2005)
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    Effective Implementation of Generic Market Models
    JOSHI, M. ; LIESCH, L. ( 2007)
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    Optimal dynamic reinsurance
    DICKSON, D. ; WATERS, H. ( 2006)
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    Deviations from uncovered interest parity in Malaysia
    Goh, SK ; Lim, GC ; Olekalns, N (Informa UK Limited, 2006-06-15)
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    Some Finite Time Ruin Problems
    Dickson, DCM (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2007-09)
    ABSTRACT In the classical risk model, we use probabilistic arguments to write down expressions in terms of the density function of aggregate claims for joint density functions involving the time to ruin, the deficit at ruin and the surplus prior to ruin. We give some applications of these formulae in the cases when the individual claim amount distribution is exponential and Erlang(2).