Office for Environmental Programs - Theses
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ItemPrivate car users’ perception of mode shift towards mass rapid transit in Jakarta Metropolitan Area( 2016)Facing the challenges of increased private vehicle ownership and severe congestion, the Governor of Jakarta initiated the development of mass rapid transit system in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. A bus Rapid Transit system called Transjakarta (BRT) is introduced in 2004 and soon a rail-based MRT system called Jakarta MRT will be operating in 2018. A decade after Transjakarta operated, the patronage level was evaluated and found that the patronage level has continued to decline since 2012. Furthermore, the number of car ownership has continued to increase by about 10% each year despite of the worsening traffic condition. It seems like the mass rapid transit system has not been able to attract the private car ownership increase, not it is able to maintain a high level of ridership. This research tries to explore the factors that makes private car users reluctant to use Transjakarta and what service improvement should be implemented to encourage mode shift towards the MRT system on both Transjakarta and Jakarta MRT. Furthermore, the research tries to explore the current private cars perception towards Jakarta MRT system to find out if they would likely to use the system in the future. From the analysis, this research also tries to explore pattern to find the most desirable changes that are required to make these private car users shifting their modes towards the MRT systems. By using quantitative analysis, it is found that the factors that makes them reluctant to use Transjakarta is related to the inability of predicting the arrival and departure time. Transjakarta services are also found to be inaccessible for most of the respondents. The transit stops are located far from their homes and also most of their destinations area; or the transit stops are not within walking distance. Consistent to this reluctant factor, their responses towards service improvement indicate that they would be likely to use Transjakarta more often if there the reliability in terms of scheduling and frequency of services are improved. They would also be likely to use Transjakarta if the coverage area could reach suburbs, where half of the respondents reside. In terms of Jakarta MRT, almost all respondents were stating their likelihood of using the system. Jakarta MRT promise of high reliability and fixed schedule were found to be the most favoured feature of Jakarta MRT. Therefore, in terms of what service improvement they desired the most to make these private car users use the MRT systems, the research found that in general they were expecting a high quality of public transport services that is comparable or better than their cars. In this case, fixed timetable or schedule and reliability were found to be the most important features that was consistently shown in the research.