General Practice and Primary Care - Research Publications

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    ADRENERGIC FACTORS REGULATING CELL-DIVISION IN THE COLONIC CRYPT EPITHELIUM DURING CARCINOGENESIS AND IN COLONIC ADENOMA AND ADENOCARCINOMA
    KENNEDY, MFG ; TUTTON, PJM ; BARKLA, DH (CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, 1985)
    Evidence exists implicating adrenergic factors in the control of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in both normal and diseased states. In this report, attention is focussed on changes in the amine requirements of proliferating cells during the chemical induction of tumours in the colon of mouse. Cell proliferation rates were measured stathmokinetically. Tumours were induced by s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Results with a series of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists suggest that there is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated excitatory effect in normal colon but an alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated inhibitory effect in adenoma and carcinoma. Alpha 1 adrenoceptors, on the other hand, have an inhibitory effect in normal crypts and in adenomas, and an excitatory effect in carcinomas. Beta adrenoceptors have an inhibitory effect in the normal and DMH-treated crypt, and in adenomas, but not in carcinomas. In the crypt epithelium of DMH-treated mice, two regions on cell proliferation, with differing regulatory factors, could be identified. In the upper region of the carcinogen-exposed crypt is a zone where cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 2 adrenergic mechanism, thus resembling the basal region of the normal crypt. By contrast, in the basal region of these crypts, cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 1 mechanism, thus resembling a malignant tumour.
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    The general health status of people with mental illness
    Davidson, S ; Judd, F ; Jolley, D ; Hocking, B ; Thompson, S (SAGE Publications, 2000-05-03)
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    Age-segregated housing and friendship interaction for older people
    Davidson, S (Informa UK Limited, 2001-05-25)
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    Risk factors for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C among the chronic mentally ill
    Davidson, S ; Judd, F ; Jolley, D ; Hocking, B ; Thompson, S ; Hyland, B (BLACKWELL SCIENCE ASIA, 2001-04)
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of risk factors for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C among people with chronic mental illness treated in a community setting. METHOD: 234 patients attending four community mental health clinics in the North-western Health Care Network in Melbourne, Australia, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire which covered demographics, risk behaviour and psychiatric diagnosis. RESULTS: The sample was 58% male, and 79% of the sample had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia. Forty-three per cent of mentally ill men and 51% of mentally ill women in the survey had been sexually active in the 12 months preceding the survey. One-fifth of mentally ill men and 57% of mentally ill women who had sex with casual partners never used condoms. People with mental illness were eight times more likely than the general population to have ever injected illicit drugs and the mentally ill had a lifetime prevalence of sharing needles of 7.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of risk behaviours among the study group indicate that people with chronic mental illness should be regarded as a high-risk group for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. It is essential that adequate resources and strategies are targeted to the mentally ill as they are for other high-risk groups.
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    Cardiovascular risk factors for people with mental illness
    Davidson, S ; Judd, F ; Jolley, D ; Hocking, B ; Thompson, S ; Hyland, B (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2001-04)
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people with chronic mental illness. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 234 outpatients attending a community mental health clinic in the North-western Health Care Network in Melbourne, Australia. Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, salt intake, exercise and history of hypercholesterolemia was assessed. RESULTS: Compared with a community sample, the mentally ill had a higher prevalence of smoking, overweight and obesity, lack of moderate exercise, harmful levels of alcohol consumption and salt intake. No differences were found on hypertension. Men, but not women, with mental illness were less likely to undertake cholesterol screening. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric outpatients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors which may account for the higher rate of cardiovascular mortality among the mentally ill. Further research is needed to trial and evaluate interventions to effectively modify risk factors in this vulnerable population.