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Author: O'Brien, Richard × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Journal Article ×

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    Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study: baseline characteristics and short-term effects of fenofibrate [ISRCTN64783481]
    Scott, R ; Best, J ; Forder, P ; Taskinen, M-R ; Simes, J ; Barter, P ; Keech, A ; Barter, P ; Best, J ; Colman, P ; d'Emden, M ; Davis, T ; Drury, P ; Ehnholm, C ; Glasziou, P ; Hunt, D ; Keech, A ; Kesaniemi, YA ; Laakso, M ; Scott, R ; Simes, RJ ; Sullivan, D ; Taskinen, M-R ; Whiting, M ; Ansquer, J-C ; Fraitag, B ; Anderson, N ; Hankey, G ; Hunt, D ; Lehto, S ; Mann, S ; Romo, M ; Li, LP ; Hennekens, C ; MacMahon, S ; Pocock, S ; Tonkin, A ; Wilhelmsen, L ; Forder, P ; Akauola, H ; Alford, F ; Barter, P ; Beinart, I ; Best, J ; Bohra, S ; Boyages, S ; Colman, P ; Connor, H ; Darnell, D ; Davis, T ; Davoren, P ; Lepre, F ; De Looze, F ; d'Emden, M ; Duffield, A ; Fassett, R ; Flack, J ; Fulcher, G ; Grant, S ; Hamwood, S ; Harmelin, D ; Jackson, R ; Jeffries, W ; Kamp, M ; Kritharides, L ; Mahar, L ; McCann, V ; McIntyre, D ; Moses, R ; Newnham, H ; Nicholson, G ; O'Brien, R ; Park, K ; Petrovsky, N ; Phillips, P ; Pinn, G ; Simmons, D ; Stanton, K ; Stuckey, B ; Sullivan, DR ; Suranyi, M ; Suthers, M ; Tan, Y ; Templer, M ; Topliss, D ; Waites, JH ; Watts, G ; Welborn, T ; Wyndham, R ; Haapamaki, H ; Kesaniemi, A ; Laakso, M ; Lahtela, J ; Levanen, H ; Saltevo, J ; Sodervik, H ; Taskinen, M ; Vanhala, M ; Baker, J ; Burton, A ; Dixon, P ; Doran, J ; Drury, P ; Dunn, P ; Graham, N ; Hamer, A ; Hedley, J ; Lloyd, J ; Manning, P ; McPherson, I ; Morris, S ; Renner, C ; Scott, R ; Smith, R ; Wackrow, M ; Young, S ; Alard, F ; Alcoe, J ; Alford, F ; Allan, C ; Amerena, J ; Anderson, R ; Arnold, N ; Arsov, T ; Ashby, D ; Atkinson, C ; Badhni, L ; Balme, M ; Barton, D ; Batrouney, B ; Beare, C ; Beattie, T ; Beggs, J ; Bendall, C ; Bendall, C ; Benz, A ; Bond, A ; Bradfield, R ; Bradshaw, J ; Brearley, S ; Bruce, D ; Burgess, J ; Butler, J ; Callary, M ; Campbell, J ; Chambers, K ; Chow, J ; Chow, S ; Ciszek, K ; Clifton, P ; Clifton-Bligh, P ; Clowes, V ; Coates, P ; Cocks, C ; Cole, S ; Colquhoun, D ; Correcha, M ; Costa, B ; Coverdale, S ; Croft, M ; Crowe, J ; Dal Sasso, S ; Davis, W ; Dunn, J ; Edwards, S ; Elder, R ; El-Kaissi, S ; Emery, L ; England, M ; Farouque, O ; Fernandez, M ; Fitzpatrick, B ; Francis, N ; Freeman, P ; Fuller, A ; Gale, D ; Gaylard, V ; Gillzan, C ; Glatthaar, C ; Goddard, J ; Grange, V ; Greenaway, T ; Griffin, J ; Grogan, A ; Guha, S ; Gustafson, J ; Hamblin, PS ; Hannay, T ; Hardie, C ; Harper, A ; Hartl, G ; Harvey, A ; Havlin, S ; Haworth, K ; Hay, P ; Hay, L ; Heenan, B ; Hesketh, R ; Heyworth, A ; Hines, M ; Hockings, G ; Hodge, A ; Hoffman, L ; Hoskin, L ; Howells, M ; Hunt, D ; Hunt, A ; Inder, W ; Inder, W ; Jackson, D ; Jovanovska, A ; Kearins, K ; Kee, P ; Keen, J ; Kilpatrick, D ; Kindellan, J ; Kingston-Ray, M ; Kotowicz, M ; Lassig, A ; Layton, M ; Lean, S ; Lim, E ; Long, F ; Lucas, L ; Ludeman, D ; Ludeman, D ; Ludeman-Robertson, C ; Lyall, M ; Lynch, L ; Maddison, C ; Malkus, B ; Marangou, A ; Margrie, F ; Matthiesson, K ; Matthiesson, J ; Maxwell, S ; McCarthy, K ; McElduff, A ; Mckee, H ; McKenzie, J ; McLachan, K ; McNair, P ; Meischke, M ; Miller, AMC ; Morrison, B ; Morton, A ; Mossman, W ; Mowat, A ; Muecke, J ; Murie, P ; Murray, S ; Nadorp, P ; Nair, S ; Nairn, J ; Nankervis, A ; Narayan, K ; Nattrass, N ; Ngui, J ; Nicholls, S ; Nicholls, V ; Nye, JA ; Nye, E ; O'Neal, D ; O'Neill, M ; O'Rourke, S ; Pearse, J ; Pearson, C ; Phillips, J ; Pittis, L ; Playford, D ; Porter, L ; Porter, L ; Portley, R ; Powell, M ; Preston, C ; Pringle, S ; Quinn, WA ; Raffaele, J ; Ramnath, G ; Ramsden, J ; Richtsteiger, D ; Roffe, S ; Rosen, S ; Ross, G ; Ross, Z ; Rowe, J ; Rumble, D ; Ryan, S ; Sansom, J ; Seymour, C ; Shanahan, E ; Shelly, S ; Shepherd, J ; Sherman, G ; Siddall, R ; Silva, D ; Simmons, S ; Simpson, R ; Sinha, A ; Slobodniuk, R ; Smith, M ; Smith, P ; Smith, S ; Smith-Orr, V ; Snow, J ; Socha, L ; Stack, T ; Steed, K ; Steele, K ; Stephensen, J ; Stevens, P ; Stewart, G ; Stewart, R ; Strakosch, C ; Sullivan, M ; Sunder, S ; Sunderland, J ; Tapp, E ; Taylor, J ; Thorn, D ; Thorn, D ; Tolley, A ; Torpy, D ; Truran, G ; Turner, F ; Turner, J ; van de Velde, J ; Varley, S ; Wallace, J ; Walsh, J ; Walsh, J ; Walshe, J ; Ward, G ; Watson, B ; Watson, J ; Webb, A ; Werner, F ; White, E ; Whitehouse, A ; Whitehouse, N ; Wigg, S ; Wilkinson, J ; Wilmshurst, E ; Wilson, D ; Wittert, G ; Wong, B ; Wong, M ; Worboys, S ; Wright, S ; Wu, S ; Yarker, J ; Yeo, M ; Young, K ; Youssef, J ; Yuen, R ; Zeimer, H ; Ziffer, RW ; Aura, A ; Friman, A ; Hanninen, J ; Henell, J ; Hyvarinen, N ; Ikonen, M ; Itkonen, A ; Jappinen, J ; Jarva, A ; Jerkkola, T ; Jokinen, V ; Juutilainen, J ; Kahkonen, H ; Kangas, T ; Karttunen, M ; Kauranen, P ; Kortelainen, S ; Koukkunen, H ; Kumpulainen, L ; Laitinen, T ; Laitinen, M ; Lehto, S ; Lehto, R ; Leinonen, E ; Lindstron-Karjalainen, M ; Lumiaho, A ; Makela, J ; Makinen, K ; Mannermaa, L ; Mard, T ; Miettinen, J ; Naatti, V ; Paavola, S ; Parssinen, N ; Ripatti, J ; Ruotsalainen, S ; Salo, A ; Siiskonen, M ; Soppela, A ; Starck, J ; Suonranta, I ; Ukkola, L ; Valli, K ; Virolainen, J ; Allan, P ; Arnold, W ; Bagg, W ; Balfour, K ; Ball, T ; Ballantine, B ; Ballantyne, C ; Barker, C ; Barker, C ; Bartley, F ; Berry, E ; Braatvedt, G ; Campbell, A ; Clarke, T ; Clarke, R ; Claydon, A ; Clayton, S ; Cresswell, P ; Cutfield, R ; Daffurn, J ; Delahunt, J ; Dissnayake, A ; Eagleton, C ; Ferguson, C ; Florkowski, C ; Fry, D ; Giles, P ; Gluyas, M ; Grant, C ; Guile, P ; Guolo, M ; Hale, P ; Hammond, M ; Hammond, M ; Healy, P ; Hills, M ; Hinge, J ; Holland, J ; Hyne, B ; Ireland, A ; Johnstone, A ; Jones, S ; Kerr, G ; Kerr, K ; Khant, M ; Krebs, J ; Law, L ; Lydon, B ; MacAuley, K ; McEwan, R ; McGregor, P ; McLaren, B ; McLeod, L ; Medforth, J ; Miskimmin, R ; Moffat, J ; Pickup, M ; Prentice, C ; Rahman, M ; Reda, E ; Ross, C ; Ryalls, A ; Schmid, D ; Shergill, N ; Snaddon, A ; Snell, H ; Stevens, L ; Waterman, A ; Watts, V ; Jayne, K ; Keirnan, E ; Newman, P ; Ritchie, G ; Rosenfeld, A ; Beller, E ; Forder, P ; Gebski, V ; Pillai, A ; Anderson, C ; Blakesmith, S ; Chan, S-Y ; Czyniewski, S ; Dobbie, A ; Doshi, S ; Dupuy, A ; Eckermann, S ; Edwards, M ; Fields, N ; Flood, K ; Ford, S ; French, C ; Gillies, S ; Greig, C ; Groshens, M ; Gu, J ; Guo, Y ; Hague, W ; Healy, S ; Hones, L ; Hossain, Z ; Howlett, M ; Lee, J ; Li, L-P ; Matthews, T ; Micallef, J ; Martin, A ; Minns, I ; Nguyen, A ; Papuni, F ; Patel, A ; Pearse, J ; Pike, R ; Pena, M ; Pinto, K ; Schipp, D ; Schroeder, J ; Sim, B ; Sodhi, C ; Sourjina, T ; Sutton, C ; Taylor, R ; Vlagsma, P ; Walder, S ; Walker, R ; Wong, W ; Zhang, J ; Zhong, B ; Keech, A ; Simes, RJ ; Kokkonen, A ; Narva, P ; Niemi, E-L ; Salo, A ; Syrjanen, A-M ; Taskinen, M-R ; Lintott, C ; Scott, R ; Tirimacco, R ; Whiting, M ; Ehnholm, C ; Ikonen, M ; Kajosaari, M ; Raman, L ; Sundvall, J ; Tukianen, M ; Ansquer, J-C ; Fraitag, B ; Crimet, D ; Sirugue, I ; Aubonnet, P (BMC, 2005-01-01)
    OBJECTIVE: The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study is examining the effects of long-term fibrate therapy on coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates in patients with diabetes mellitus. This article describes the trial's run-in phase and patients' baseline characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: FIELD is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 63 centres in 3 countries evaluating the effects of fenofibrate versus placebo on CHD morbidity and mortality in 9795 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were to have no indication for lipid-lowering therapy on randomization, but could start these or other drugs at any time after randomization. Follow-up in the study was to be for a median duration of not less than 5 years and until 500 major coronary events (fatal coronary heart disease plus nonfatal myocardial infarction) had occurred. RESULTS: About 2100 patients (22%) had some manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and thus high risk status. Less than 25% of patients without CVD had a (UKPDS determined) calculated 5-year CHD risk of <5%, but nearly all had a 5-year stroke risk of <10%. Despite this, half of the cohort were obese (BMI > 30), most were men, two-thirds were aged over 60 years, and substantial proportions had NCEP ATP III features of the metabolic syndrome independent of their diabetes, including low HDL (60%), high blood pressure measurement (41%), high waist measurement (65%), and raised triglycerides (52%). After a 6-week run-in period before randomisation with all participants receiving 200 mg comicronized fenofibrate, there were declines in total and LDL cholesterol (10%) and triglycerides (26%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (6.5%). CONCLUSION: The study will show the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist action on CHD and other vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes including substantial numbers with low to moderate CVD risk but with the various components of the metabolic syndrome. The main results of the study will be reported in late 2005.
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    The need for a large-scale trial of fibrate therapy in diabetes: the rationale and design of the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. [ISRCTN64783481]
    Barter, P ; Best, J ; Colman, P ; d'Emden, M ; Davis, T ; Drury, P ; Ehnholm, C ; Glasziou, P ; Hunt, D ; Keech, A ; Kesaniemi, YA ; Laakso, M ; Scott, R ; Simes, RJ ; Sullivan, D ; Taskinen, M-R ; Whiting, M ; Ansquer, J-C ; Fraitag, B ; Anderson, N ; Hankey, G ; Hunt, D ; Lehto, S ; Mann, S ; Romo, M ; Li, LP ; Hennekens, C ; MacMahon, S ; Pocock, S ; Tonkin, A ; Wilhelmsen, L ; Forder, P ; Akauola, H ; Alford, F ; Barter, P ; Beinart, I ; Best, J ; Bohra, S ; Boyages, S ; Colman, P ; Connor, H ; Darnell, D ; Davis, T ; Davoren, P ; Lepre, F ; De Looze, F ; d'Emden, M ; Duffield, A ; Fassett, R ; Flack, J ; Fulcher, G ; Grant, S ; Hamwood, S ; Harmelin, D ; Jackson, R ; Jeffries, W ; Kamp, M ; Kritharides, L ; Mahar, L ; McCann, V ; McIntyre, D ; Moses, R ; Newnham, H ; Nicholson, G ; O'Brien, R ; Park, K ; Petrovsky, N ; Phillips, P ; Pinn, G ; Simmons, D ; Stanton, K ; Stuckey, B ; Sullivan, DR ; Suranyi, M ; Suthers, M ; Tan, Y ; Templer, M ; Topliss, D ; Waites, JH ; Watts, G ; Welborn, T ; Wyndham, R ; Haapamaki, H ; Kesaniemi, A ; Laakso, M ; Lahtela, J ; Levanen, H ; Saltevo, J ; Sodervik, H ; Taskinen, M ; Vanhala, M ; Baker, J ; Burton, A ; Dixon, P ; Doran, J ; Drury, P ; Dunn, P ; Graham, N ; Hamer, A ; Hedley, J ; Lloyd, J ; Manning, P ; McPherson, I ; Morris, S ; Renner, C ; Scott, R ; Smith, R ; Wackrow, M ; Young, S ; Alard, F ; Alcoe, J ; Alford, F ; Allan, C ; Amerena, J ; Anderson, R ; Arnold, N ; Arsov, T ; Ashby, D ; Atkinson, C ; Badhni, L ; Balme, M ; Barton, D ; Batrouney, B ; Beare, C ; Beattie, T ; Beggs, J ; Bendall, C ; Bendall, C ; Benz, A ; Bond, A ; Bradfield, R ; Bradshaw, J ; Brearley, S ; Bruce, D ; Burgess, J ; Butler, J ; Callary, M ; Campbell, J ; Chambers, K ; Chow, J ; Chow, S ; Ciszek, K ; Clifton, P ; Clifton-Bligh, P ; Clowes, V ; Coates, P ; Cocks, C ; Cole, S ; Colquhoun, D ; Correcha, M ; Costa, B ; Coverdale, S ; Croft, M ; Crowe, J ; Dal Sasso, S ; Davis, W ; Dunn, J ; Edwards, S ; Elder, R ; El-Kaissi, S ; Emery, L ; England, M ; Farouque, O ; Fernandez, M ; Fitzpatrick, B ; Francis, N ; Freeman, P ; Fuller, A ; Gale, D ; Gaylard, V ; Gillzan, C ; Glatthaar, C ; Goddard, J ; Grange, V ; Greenaway, T ; Griffin, J ; Grogan, A ; Guha, S ; Gustafson, J ; Hamblin, PS ; Hannay, T ; Hardie, C ; Harper, A ; Hartl, G ; Harvey, A ; Havlin, S ; Haworth, K ; Hay, P ; Hay, L ; Heenan, B ; Hesketh, R ; Heyworth, A ; Hines, M ; Hockings, G ; Hodge, A ; Hoffman, L ; Hoskin, L ; Howells, M ; Hunt, D ; Hunt, A ; Inder, W ; Inder, W ; Jackson, D ; Jovanovska, A ; Kearins, K ; Kee, P ; Keen, J ; Kilpatrick, D ; Kindellan, J ; Kingston-Ray, M ; Kotowicz, M ; Lassig, A ; Layton, M ; Lean, S ; Lim, E ; Long, F ; Lucas, L ; Ludeman, D ; Ludeman, D ; Ludeman-Robertson, C ; Lyall, M ; Lynch, L ; Maddison, C ; Malkus, B ; Marangou, A ; Margrie, F ; Matthiesson, K ; Matthiesson, J ; Maxwell, S ; McCarthy, K ; McElduff, A ; McKee, H ; McKenzie, J ; McLachan, K ; McNair, P ; Meischke, M ; Merkel, A ; Miller, C ; Morrison, B ; Morton, A ; Mossman, W ; Mowat, A ; Muecke, J ; Murie, P ; Murray, S ; Nadorp, P ; Nair, S ; Nairn, J ; Nankervis, A ; Narayan, K ; Nattrass, N ; Ngui, J ; Nicholls, S ; Nicholls, V ; Nye, JA ; Nye, E ; O'Neal, D ; O'Neill, M ; O'Rourke, S ; Pearse, J ; Pearson, C ; Phillips, J ; Pittis, L ; Playford, D ; Porter, L ; Porter, L ; Portley, R ; Powell, M ; Preston, C ; Pringle, S ; Quinn, WA ; Raffaele, J ; Ramnath, G ; Ramsden, J ; Richtsteiger, D ; Roffe, S ; Rosen, S ; Ross, G ; Ross, Z ; Rowe, J ; Rumble, D ; Ryan, S ; Sansom, J ; Seymour, C ; Shanahan, E ; Shelly, S ; Shepherd, J ; Sherman, G ; Siddall, R ; Silva, D ; Simmons, S ; Simpson, R ; Sinha, A ; Slobodniuk, R ; Smith, M ; Smith, P ; Smith, S ; Smith-Orr, V ; Snow, J ; Socha, L ; Stack, T ; Steed, K ; Steele, K ; Stephensen, J ; Stevens, P ; Stewart, G ; Stewart, R ; Strakosch, C ; Sullivan, M ; Sunder, S ; Sunderland, J ; Tapp, E ; Taylor, J ; Thorn, D ; Thorn, D ; Tolley, A ; Torpy, D ; Truran, G ; Turner, F ; Turner, J ; van de Velde, J ; Varley, S ; Wallace, J ; Walsh, J ; Walsh, J ; Walshe, J ; Ward, G ; Watson, B ; Watson, J ; Webb, A ; Werner, F ; White, E ; Whitehouse, A ; Whitehouse, N ; Wigg, S ; Wilkinson, J ; Wilmshurst, E ; Wilson, D ; Wittert, G ; Wong, B ; Wong, M ; Worboys, S ; Wright, S ; Wu, S ; Yarker, J ; Yeo, M ; Young, K ; Youssef, J ; Yuen, R ; Zeimer, H ; Ziffer, RW ; Aura, A ; Friman, A ; Hanninen, J ; Henell, J ; Hyvarinen, N ; Ikonen, M ; Itkonen, A ; Jappinen, J ; Jarva, A ; Jerkkola, T ; Jokinen, V ; Juutilainen, J ; Kahkonen, H ; Kangas, T ; Karttunen, M ; Kauranen, P ; Kortelainen, S ; Koukkunen, H ; Kumpulainen, L ; Laitinen, T ; Laitinen, M ; Lehto, S ; Lehto, R ; Leinonen, E ; Lindstron-Karjalainen, M ; Lumiaho, A ; Makela, J ; Makinen, K ; Mannermaa, L ; Mard, T ; Miettinen, J ; Naatti, V ; Paavola, S ; Parssinen, N ; Ripatti, J ; Ruotsalainen, S ; Salo, A ; Siiskonen, M ; Soppela, A ; Starck, J ; Suonranta, I ; Ukkola, L ; Valli, K ; Virolainen, J ; Allan, P ; Arnold, W ; Bagg, W ; Balfour, K ; Ball, T ; Ballantine, B ; Ballantyne, C ; Barker, C ; Barker, C ; Bartley, F ; Berry, E ; Braatvedt, G ; Campbell, A ; Clarke, T ; Clarke, R ; Claydon, A ; Clayton, S ; Cresswell, P ; Cutfield, R ; Daffurn, J ; Delahunt, J ; Dissnayake, A ; Eagleton, C ; Ferguson, C ; Florkowski, C ; Fry, D ; Giles, P ; Gluyas, M ; Grant, C ; Guile, P ; Guolo, M ; Hale, P ; Hammond, M ; Hammond, M ; Healy, P ; Hills, M ; Hinge, J ; Holland, J ; Hyne, B ; Ireland, A ; Johnstone, A ; Jones, S ; Kerr, G ; Kerr, K ; Khant, M ; Krebs, J ; Law, L ; Lydon, B ; MacAuley, K ; McEwan, R ; McGregor, P ; McLaren, B ; McLeod, L ; Medforth, J ; Miskimmin, R ; Moffat, J ; Pickup, M ; Prentice, C ; Rahman, M ; Reda, E ; Ross, C ; Ryalls, A ; Schmid, D ; Shergill, N ; Snaddon, A ; Snell, H ; Stevens, L ; Waterman, A ; Watts, V ; Jayne, K ; Keirnan, E ; Newman, P ; Ritchie, G ; Rosenfeld, A ; Beller, E ; Forder, P ; Gebski, V ; Pillai, A ; Anderson, C ; Blakesmith, S ; Chan, S-Y ; Czyniewski, S ; Dobbie, A ; Doshi, S ; Dupuy, A ; Eckermann, S ; Edwards, M ; Fields, N ; Flood, K ; Ford, S ; French, C ; Gillies, S ; Greig, C ; Groshens, M ; Gu, J ; Guo, Y ; Hague, W ; Healy, S ; Hones, L ; Hossain, Z ; Howlett, M ; Lee, J ; Li, L-P ; Matthews, T ; Micallef, J ; Martin, A ; Minns, I ; Nguyen, A ; Papuni, F ; Patel, A ; Pearse, J ; Pike, R ; Pena, M ; Pinto, K ; Schipp, D ; Schroeder, J ; Sim, B ; Sodhi, C ; Sourjina, T ; Sutton, C ; Taylor, R ; Vlagsma, P ; Walder, S ; Walker, R ; Wong, W ; Zhang, J ; Zhong, B ; Keech, A ; Simes, RJ ; Kokkonen, A ; Narva, P ; Niemi, E-L ; Salo, A ; Syrjanen, A-M ; Taskinen, M-R ; Lintott, C ; Scott, R ; Tirimacco, R ; Whiting, M ; Ehnholm, C ; Ikonen, M ; Kajosaari, M ; Raman, L ; Sundvall, J ; Tukianen, M ; Ansquer, J-C ; Fraitag, B ; Crimet, D ; Sirugue, I ; Aubonnet, P (BMC, 2004-01-01)
    BACKGROUND: Fibrates correct the typical lipid abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet no study, to date, has specifically set out to evaluate the role of fibrate therapy in preventing cardiovascular events in this setting. METHODS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes, aged 50-75 years, were screened for eligibility to participate in a long-term trial of comicronized fenofibrate 200 mg daily compared with matching placebo to assess benefits of treatment on the occurrence of coronary and other vascular events. People with total cholesterol levels 3.0-6.5 mmol/L plus either a total-to-HDLc ratio > 4.0 or triglyceride level > 1.0 mmol/L with no clear indication for lipid-modifying therapy were eligible. RESULTS: A total of 9795 people were randomized into the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial. All received dietary advice, followed by a 6-week single-blind placebo run-in, then a 6-week active run-in period before randomization. Participants are being followed up every 6 months for outcome events and safety assessments. The study is designed to yield at least 500 coronary events (primary endpoint: first nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death) over 5 years, to have 80% power to identify as statistically significant at 2P = 0.05 a 22% reduction in such events, using intention-to-treat methods. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. The current evidence about use of fibrates in type 2 diabetes, from around 2000 people treated, will increase with FIELD to evidence from around 12000. FIELD will establish the role of fenofibrate treatment in reducing cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. The main results are expected to be available in late 2005.
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    Effects of Fenofibrate Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in 9,795 Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Various Components of the Metabolic Syndrome The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study
    Scott, R ; O'Brien, R ; Fulcher, G ; Pardy, C ; d'Emden, M ; Tse, D ; Taskinen, M-R ; Ehnholm, C ; Keech, A (AMER DIABETES ASSOC, 2009-03)
    OBJECTIVE: We explored whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and the effects of fenofibrate differed in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome and according to various features of metabolic syndrome defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) in subjects with type 2 diabetes in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its features was calculated. Cox proportional models adjusted for age, sex, CVD status, and baseline A1C levels were used to determine the independent contributions of metabolic syndrome features to total CVD event rates and the effects of fenofibrate. RESULTS: More than 80% of FIELD participants met the ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Each ATP III feature of metabolic syndrome, apart from increased waist circumference, increased the absolute risk of CVD events over 5 years by at least 3%. Those with marked dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides >or=2.3 mmol/l and low HDL cholesterol) were at the highest risk of CVD (17.8% over 5 years). Fenofibrate significantly reduced CVD events in those with low HDL cholesterol or hypertension. The largest effect of fenofibrate to reduce CVD risk was observed in subjects with marked dyslipidemia in whom a 27% relative risk reduction (95% CI 9-42, P = 0.005; number needed to treat = 23) was observed. Subjects with no prior CVD had greater risk reductions than the entire group. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome components identify higher CVD risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes, so the absolute benefits of fenofibrate are likely to be greater when metabolic syndrome features are present. The highest risk and greatest benefits of fenofibrate are seen among those with marked hypertriglyceridemia.