Medical Education - Research Publications
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ItemSex steroids and gender differences in muscle, bone, and fat(Elsevier, 2022)Sex steroids, comprising of the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, are fundamentally important to the development of muscle, bone, and fat across the life course. Each has roles that differ between these tissues, the male and female sexes, and developmental stage. It is the differential production of sex steroids and expression of their receptors that mediates much of the pubertal development in muscle, bone, and fat, which in turn determines the typical dimorphic sexual phenotypes. It is similar to how this differential production changes over time that is responsible for much of the typical sex-specific changes seen with normal aging. This chapter considers the sex-specific production of sex steroids and their effects upon each muscle, bone, and fat. It additionally covers the developmental changes in sex steroid production, and how this contributes to age-related changes in these three tissues.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableFemale Genital Cosmetic Surgery and the Role of the General Practitioner(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2019)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableHTLV-I and Strongyloides in Australia: The worm lurking beneath.(Elsevier, 2021-01-01)Strongyloidiasis and HTLV-I (human T-lymphotropic virus-1) are important infections that are endemic in many countries around the world with an estimated 370 million infected with Strongyloides stercoralis alone, and 5-10 million with HTVL-I. Co-infections with these pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and can be fatal. HTLV-I infects T-cells thus causing dysregulation of the immune system which has been linked to dissemination and hyperinfection of S. stercoralis leading to bacterial sepsis which can result in death. Both of these pathogens are endemic in Australia primarily in remote communities in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia. Other cases in Australia have occurred in immigrants and refugees, returned travellers, and Australian Defence Force personnel. HTLV-I infection is lifelong with no known cure. Strongyloidiasis is a long-term chronic disease that can remain latent for decades, as shown by infections diagnosed in prisoners of war from World War II and the Vietnam War testing positive decades after they returned from these conflicts. This review aims to shed light on concomitant infections of HTLV-I with S. stercoralis primarily in Australia but in the global context as well.
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ItemThrough the champagne glass, or, what has radical arts to do with medicine?(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017)
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ItemArts and Humanities in Health Professional Education(Springer Singapore, 2020)This chapter provides a perspective on clinical education through the lens of the humanities. It discusses enhancing clinical expertise by focusing learning on affective aspects of a learner’s discipline, assisting their development as effective health professionals.
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ItemMotor neuron disease: Causes, classification and treatments(Nova Science Publishers, 2014-04-01)Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the motor system in adults. It is a relatively rare disease with a reported population incidence of between 1.5 and 2.5 per 100,000 per year worldwide. The only established risk factors are age and family history, with age being the most important factor. The disease occurs throughout adult life, with the peak incidence between 50 to 75 years of age. MND occurs more commonly in men than in women in a ratio of 3:2. MND is characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord, manifested by upper and lower motor neuron signs and symptoms affecting bulbar, limb, and respiratory muscles. Death usually results from respiratory failure and follows on average two to four years after onset, but some may survive for a decade or more. Whilst the aetiology of MND is unknown, current evidence suggests that multiple interacting factors contribute to motor neuron injury in MND. The working hypothesis is that MND, like many other chronic diseases, is a complex genetic condition and the relative contribution of individual environmental and genetic factors is likely to be small. The three key pathogenetic hypotheses are genetic factors, oxidative stress and glutamatergic toxicity, which result in damage to critical target proteins such as neurofilaments and organelles such as mitochondria. The symptoms in MND are diverse and challenging and include weakness, spasticity, limitations in mobility and activities of daily living, communication deficits and dysphagia, and in those with bulbar involvement, respiratory compromise, fatigue and sleep disorders, pain and psychosocial distress. Hence, the burden of disease and economic impact of MND upon patients, their caregivers (often family members) and on society is substantial, often beginning long before the actual diagnosis is made, and increasing with increasing disability and the need for medical equipment and assisted care. At present, the only approved drug treatment for MND in the USA, Australia and in many European countries is riluzole, which is thought to prolong median survival by about two to three months. In the absence of a cure or indeed any medical intervention, which might stop the progression of MND, the management relies mostly on symptomatic, rehabilitative and palliative therapy, which is the focus of this chapter. An update in the symptomatic and disability management of MND is provided, covering the interface between neurology, rehabilitation and palliative care and incorporates issues encountered over the spectrum of disease, including activity and pain related issues, respiratory and dysphagia issues and psychosocial changes. Recent trends, developments and future research in rehabilitation approaches that maintain and restore functional independence and quality of life will be presented.
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ItemImproving access to and participation in medical research for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse background patients: A bilingual, digital communication approach.(Routledge Studies in Empirical Translation and Multilingual Communication, 2019)Chapters in this book aim to fill in a persistent knowledge gap in current multicultural health research, that is, culturally effective and user-oriented healthcare translation.