Psychiatry - Research Publications
Permanent URI for this collection
Search Results
1 - 10 of 14
-
ItemNo Preview AvailableCortical and Subcortical Neuroanatomical Signatures of Schizotypy in 2,952 Individuals Assessed in a Worldwide ENIGMA Study(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2021-05-01)
-
ItemCortical and subcortical neuroanatomical signatures of schizotypy in 3004 individuals assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study(SPRINGERNATURE, 2021-10-27)Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals, and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. The sample comprised 3004 unmedicated healthy individuals (12-68 years, 46.5% male) from 29 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated with higher schizotypy scores (r = 0.067, pFDR = 0.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ (r = 0.285, pspin = 0.024), but not BD (r = 0.166, pspin = 0.205) or MDD (r = -0.274, pspin = 0.073). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho = -0.690, pspin = 0.006), BD (rho = -0.672, pspin = 0.009), and MDD (rho = -0.692, pspin = 0.004). Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended psychosis phenotype.
-
ItemNo Preview AvailablePersonality disorder among youth with first episode psychotic mania: An important target for specific treatment?(WILEY, 2021-03-25)AIM: Personality disorder is a common co-occurrence ('comorbidity') among patients with bipolar disorder and appears to affect outcome negatively. However, there is little knowledge about the impact of this comorbidity in the early phases of bipolar disorder. We examined the prevalence and effect of personality disorder co-occurrence on outcome in a cohort of youth with first episode mania with psychotic features. METHODS: Seventy-one first episode mania patients, aged 15-29, were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months as part of a randomized controlled trial of olanzapine and chlorpromazine as add-on to lithium in first episode mania with psychotic features. The current study involved secondary analysis of trial data. RESULTS: A co-occurring clinical personality disorder diagnosis was present in 16.9% of patients. Antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders were the most common diagnoses. Patients with co-occurring personality disorder had higher rates of readmission to hospital, lower rates of symptomatic recovery and poorer functional levels at 6 months, but these differences disappeared after 12 and 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the early phase of bipolar disorder, patients with personality disorder comorbidity display delayed symptomatic and functional recovery and increased likelihood to need hospital readmissions. These observations suggest that routine assessment for personality disorder and specific interventions are important in order to improve short-term treatment efficacy in this subgroup.
-
Item
-
ItemS94. PREDICTION OF CANNABIS RELAPSE IN CLINICAL HIGH-RISK INDIVIDUALS AND RECENT ONSET PSYCHOSIS - PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE PRONIA STUDY(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020-05-18)
-
Item
-
Item
-
ItemT162. THICKER PREFRONTAL CORTEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLINICAL NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS IN SCHIZOTYPY - AN ENIGMA CONSORTIUM META-ANALYSIS(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020-05-18)
-
ItemT60. GENETIC INFLUENCES ON MEMORY FUNCTIONS AND RELATED BRAIN STRUCTURES AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A NATION-WIDE TWIN STUDY(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020-05-18)
-
Item