Anatomy and Neuroscience - Research Publications

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Start date: 2014 × End date: 2014 × Author: Furness, John × Author: Cho, Hyun-Jung × Author: RIVERA, LENI ×

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    Glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY are in separate storage organelles in enteroendocrine cells
    Cho, H-J ; Robinson, ES ; Rivera, LR ; McMillan, PJ ; Testro, A ; Nikfarjam, M ; Bravo, DM ; Furness, JB (SPRINGER, 2014-07)
    A sub-group of enteroendocrine cells (L cells) release gastrointestinal hormones, GLP-1 and PYY, which have different but overlapping physiological effects, in response to intraluminal nutrients. Whilst their release profiles are not identical, how the plasma levels of these two hormones are differentially regulated is not well understood. We investigate the possibility that GLP-1 and PYY are in separate storage vesicles. In this study, the subcellular location of GLP-1 and PYY storage organelles is investigated using double-labelling immunohistochemistry, super resolution microscopy and high-resolution confocal microscopy. In all species tested, human, pig, rat and mouse, most cytoplasmic stores that exhibited GLP-1 or PYY immunofluorescence were distinct from each other. The volume occupancy, determined by 3D analysis, overlapped by only about 10∼20 %. At the lower resolution achieved by conventional confocal microscopy, there was also evidence of GLP-1 and PYY being in separate storage compartments but, in subcellular regions where there were many storage vesicles, separate storage could not be resolved. The results indicate that different storage vesicles in L cells contain predominantly GLP-1 or predominantly PYY. Whether GLP-1 and PYY storage vesicles are selectively mobilised and their products are selectively released needs to be determined.
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    Selenium-Enriched Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Protects against Increase in Gut Permeability ex vivo and Up-Regulates Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and 2 in Hyperthermally-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats
    Maseko, T ; Dunshea, FR ; Howell, K ; Cho, H-J ; Rivera, LR ; Furness, JB ; Ng, K (MDPI AG, 2014-06)
    Dietary effects of organic Se supplementation in the form of Se-enriched Agaricus bisporus mushroom on ileal mucosal permeability and antioxidant selenoenzymes status in heat induced oxidative stress in rats were evaluated. Acute heat stress (40 °C, 21% relative humidity, 90 min exposure) increased ileum baseline short circuit current (Isc; 2.40-fold) and epithelial conductance (Ge; 2.74-fold). Dietary supplementation with Se-enriched A. bisporus (1 µg Se/g feed) reduced (p < 0.05) ileum Isc and Ge during heat stress to 1.74 and 1.91 fold, respectively, indicating protection from heat stress-induced mucosal permeability increase. The expression of ileum glutathione peroxidase (GPx-) 1 and 2 mRNAs were up-regulated (p < 0.05) by 1.90 and 1.87-fold, respectively, for non-heat stress rats on the Se-enriched diet relative to the control. The interplay between heat stress and dietary Se is complex. For rats on the control diet, heat stress alone increased ileum expression of GPx-1 (2.33-fold) and GPx-2 (2.23-fold) relative to thermoneutral conditions. For rats on the Se-enriched diet, heat stress increased (p < 0.05) GPx-1 expression only. Rats on Se-enriched + α-tocopherol diet exhibited increased expression of both genes (p < 0.05). Thus, dietary Se-enriched A. bisporus protected against increase in ileum permeability and up-regulated GPx-1 and GPx-2 expression, selenoenzymes relevant to mitigating oxidative stress.