Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Research Publications

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    Genetic and Environmental Causes of Variation in an Automated Breast Cancer Risk Factor Based on Mammographic Textures
    Ye, Z ; Dite, GS ; Nguyen, TL ; Macinnis, RJ ; Schmidt, DF ; Makalic, E ; Al-Qershi, OM ; Nguyen-Dumont, T ; Goudey, B ; Stone, J ; Dowty, JG ; Giles, GG ; Southey, MC ; Hopper, JL ; Li, S (AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, 2024-02-06)
    BACKGROUND: Cirrus is an automated risk predictor for breast cancer that comprises texture-based mammographic features and is mostly independent of mammographic density. We investigated genetic and environmental variance of variation in Cirrus. METHODS: We measured Cirrus for 3,195 breast cancer-free participants, including 527 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins, 271 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 1,599 siblings of twins. Multivariate normal models were used to estimate the variance and familial correlations of age-adjusted Cirrus as a function of age. The classic twin model was expanded to allow the shared environment effects to differ by zygosity. The SNP-based heritability was estimated for a subset of 2,356 participants. RESULTS: There was no evidence that the variance or familial correlations depended on age. The familial correlations were 0.52 (SE, 0.03) for MZ pairs and 0.16(SE, 0.03) for DZ and non-twin sister pairs combined. Shared environmental factors specific to MZ pairs accounted for 20% of the variance. Additive genetic factors accounted for 32% (SE = 5%) of the variance, consistent with the SNP-based heritability of 36% (SE = 16%). CONCLUSION: Cirrus is substantially familial due to genetic factors and an influence of shared environmental factors that was evident for MZ twin pairs only. The latter could be due to nongenetic factors operating in utero or in early life that are shared by MZ twins. IMPACT: Early-life factors, shared more by MZ pairs than DZ/non-twin sister pairs, could play a role in the variation in Cirrus, consistent with early life being recognized as a critical window of vulnerability to breast carcinogens.
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    Wildfire-related PM2.5 and DNA methylation: An Australian twin and family study
    Xu, R ; Li, S ; Wu, Y ; Yue, X ; Wong, EM ; Southey, MC ; Hopper, JL ; Li, S ; Guo, Y (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2023-01-01)
    BACKGROUND: Wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has many adverse health impacts, but its impacts on human epigenome are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the associations between long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and blood DNA methylation, and whether the associations differ from those with non-wildfire-related PM2.5. METHODS: We studied 479 Australian women comprising 132 twin pairs and 215 of their sisters. Blood-derived DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Data on 3-year (year of blood collection and previous two years) average wildfire-related and non-wildfire-related PM2.5 at 0.01°×0.01° spatial resolution were created by combining information from satellite observations, chemical transport models, and ground-based observations. Exposure data were linked to each participant's home address, assuming the address did not change during the exposure window. For DNA methylation of each cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG), and for global DNA methylation represented by the average of all measured CpGs or CpGs in repetitive elements, we evaluated their associations with wildfire- or non-wildfire-related PM2.5 using a within-sibship analysis controlling for factors shared between siblings and other important covariates. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were defined by comb-p and DMRcate. RESULTS: The 3-year average wildfire-related PM2.5 (range: 0.3 to 7.6 µg/m3, mean: 1.6 µg/m3) was negatively, but not significantly (p-values greater than 0.05) associated with all seven global DNA methylation measures. There were 26 CpGs and 33 DMRs associated with wildfire-related PM2.5 (Bonferroni adjusted p-value < 0.05) mapped to 47 genes enriched for pathways related to inflammatory regulation and platelet activation. These genes have been related to many human diseases or phenotypes e.g., cancer, mental disorders, diabetes, obesity, asthma, blood pressure. These CpGs, DMRs and enriched pathways did not overlap with the 1 CpG and 7 DMRs associated with non-wildfire-related PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 was associated with various blood DNA methylation signatures in Australian women, and these were distinct from those associated with non-wildfire-related PM2.5.
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    Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes
    Ahearn, TU ; Zhang, H ; Michailidou, K ; Milne, RL ; Bolla, MK ; Dennis, J ; Dunning, AM ; Lush, M ; Wang, Q ; Andrulis, IL ; Anton-Culver, H ; Arndt, V ; Aronson, KJ ; Auer, PL ; Augustinsson, A ; Baten, A ; Becher, H ; Behrens, S ; Benitez, J ; Bermisheva, M ; Blomqvist, C ; Bojesen, SE ; Bonanni, B ; Borresen-Dale, A-L ; Brauch, H ; Brenner, H ; Brooks-Wilson, A ; Bruening, T ; Burwinkel, B ; Buys, SS ; Canzian, F ; Castelao, JE ; Chang-Claude, J ; Chanock, SJ ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Clarke, CL ; Collee, JM ; Cox, A ; Cross, SS ; Czene, K ; Daly, MB ; Devilee, P ; Dork, T ; Dwek, M ; Eccles, DM ; Evans, DG ; Fasching, PA ; Figueroa, J ; Floris, G ; Gago-Dominguez, M ; Gapstur, SM ; Garcia-Saenz, JA ; Gaudet, MM ; Giles, GG ; Goldberg, MS ; Gonzalez-Neira, A ; Alnaes, GIG ; Grip, M ; Guenel, P ; Haiman, CA ; Hall, P ; Hamann, U ; Harkness, EF ; Heemskerk-Gerritsen, BAM ; Holleczek, B ; Hollestelle, A ; Hooning, MJ ; Hoover, RN ; Hopper, JL ; Howell, A ; Jakimovska, M ; Jakubowska, A ; John, EM ; Jones, ME ; Jung, A ; Kaaks, R ; Kauppila, S ; Keeman, R ; Khusnutdinova, E ; Kitahara, CM ; Ko, Y-D ; Koutros, S ; Kristensen, VN ; Kruger, U ; Kubelka-Sabit, K ; Kurian, AW ; Kyriacou, K ; Lambrechts, D ; Lee, DG ; Lindblom, A ; Linet, M ; Lissowska, J ; Llaneza, A ; Lo, W-Y ; MacInnis, RJ ; Mannermaa, A ; Manoochehri, M ; Margolin, S ; Martinez, ME ; McLean, C ; Meindl, A ; Menon, U ; Nevanlinna, H ; Newman, WG ; Nodora, J ; Offit, K ; Olsson, H ; Orr, N ; Park-Simon, T-W ; Patel, A ; Peto, J ; Pita, G ; Plaseska-Karanfilska, D ; Prentice, R ; Punie, K ; Pylkas, K ; Radice, P ; Rennert, G ; Romero, A ; Ruediger, T ; Saloustros, E ; Sampson, S ; Sandler, DP ; Sawyer, EJ ; Schmutzler, RK ; Schoemaker, MJ ; Schottker, B ; Sherman, ME ; Shu, X-O ; Smichkoska, S ; Southey, MC ; Spinelli, JJ ; Swerdlow, AJ ; Tamimi, RM ; Tapper, WJ ; Taylor, JA ; Teras, LR ; Terry, MB ; Torres, D ; Troester, MA ; Vachon, CM ; van Deurzen, CHM ; van Veen, EM ; Wagner, P ; Weinberg, CR ; Wendt, C ; Wesseling, J ; Winqvist, R ; Wolk, A ; Yang, XR ; Zheng, W ; Couch, FJ ; Simard, J ; Kraft, P ; Easton, DF ; Pharoah, PDP ; Schmidt, MK ; Garcia-Closas, M ; Chatterjee, N (BMC, 2022-01-04)
    BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, but how these variants relate with other tumor features and intrinsic molecular subtypes is unclear. METHODS: Among 106,571 invasive breast cancer cases and 95,762 controls of European ancestry with data on 173 breast cancer variants identified in previous GWAS, we used novel two-stage polytomous logistic regression models to evaluate variants in relation to multiple tumor features (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and grade) adjusting for each other, and to intrinsic-like subtypes. RESULTS: Eighty-five of 173 variants were associated with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 5%), most commonly ER and grade, followed by PR and HER2. Models for intrinsic-like subtypes found nearly all of these variants (83 of 85) associated at p < 0.05 with risk for at least one luminal-like subtype, and approximately half (41 of 85) of the variants were associated with risk of at least one non-luminal subtype, including 32 variants associated with triple-negative (TN) disease. Ten variants were associated with risk of all subtypes in different magnitude. Five variants were associated with risk of luminal A-like and TN subtypes in opposite directions. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates a high level of complexity in the etiology heterogeneity of breast cancer susceptibility variants and can inform investigations of subtype-specific risk prediction.
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    Fine-scale mapping of 8q24 locus identifies multiple independent risk variants for breast cancer
    Shi, J ; Zhang, Y ; Zheng, W ; Michailidou, K ; Ghoussaini, M ; Bolla, MK ; Wang, Q ; Dennis, J ; Lush, M ; Milne, RL ; Shu, X-O ; Beesley, J ; Kar, S ; Andrulis, IL ; Anton-Culver, H ; Arndt, V ; Beckmann, MW ; Zhao, Z ; Guo, X ; Benitez, J ; Beeghly-Fadiel, A ; Blot, W ; Bogdanova, NV ; Bojesen, SE ; Brauch, H ; Brenner, H ; Brinton, L ; Broeks, A ; Bruening, T ; Burwinkel, B ; Cai, H ; Canisius, S ; Chang-Claude, J ; Choi, J-Y ; Couch, FJ ; Cox, A ; Cross, SS ; Czene, K ; Darabi, H ; Devilee, P ; Droit, A ; Dork, T ; Fasching, PA ; Fletcher, O ; Flyger, H ; Fostira, F ; Gaborieau, V ; Garcia-Closas, M ; Giles, GG ; Grip, M ; Guenel, P ; Haiman, CA ; Hamann, U ; Hartman, M ; Miao, H ; Hollestelle, A ; Hopper, JL ; Hsiung, C-N ; Investigators, K ; Ito, H ; Jakubowska, A ; Johnson, N ; Torres, D ; Kabisch, M ; Kang, D ; Khan, S ; Knight, JA ; Kosma, V-M ; Lambrechts, D ; Li, J ; Lindblom, A ; Lophatananon, A ; Lubinski, J ; Mannermaa, A ; Manoukian, S ; Le Marchand, L ; Margolin, S ; Marme, F ; Matsuo, K ; McLean, C ; Meindl, A ; Muir, K ; Neuhausen, SL ; Nevanlinna, H ; Nord, S ; Borresen-Dale, A-L ; Olson, JE ; Orr, N ; van den Ouweland, AMW ; Peterlongo, P ; Putti, TC ; Rudolph, A ; Sangrajrang, S ; Sawyer, EJ ; Schmidt, MK ; Schmutzler, RK ; Shen, C-Y ; Hou, M-F ; Shrubsole, MJ ; Southey, MC ; Swerdlow, A ; Teo, SH ; Thienpont, B ; Toland, AE ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Tomlinson, I ; Truong, T ; Tseng, C-C ; Wen, W ; Winqvist, R ; Wu, AH ; Yip, CH ; Zamora, PM ; Zheng, Y ; Floris, G ; Cheng, C-Y ; Hooning, MJ ; Martens, JWM ; Seynaeve, C ; Kristensen, VN ; Hall, P ; Pharoah, PDP ; Simard, J ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Dunning, AM ; Antoniou, AC ; Easton, DF ; Cai, Q ; Long, J (WILEY, 2016-09-15)
    Previous genome-wide association studies among women of European ancestry identified two independent breast cancer susceptibility loci represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13281615 and rs11780156 at 8q24. A fine-mapping study across 2.06 Mb (chr8:127,561,724-129,624,067, hg19) in 55,540 breast cancer cases and 51,168 controls within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium was conducted. Three additional independent association signals in women of European ancestry, represented by rs35961416 (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97, conditional p = 5.8 × 10(-6) ), rs7815245 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.96, conditional p = 1.1 × 10(-6) ) and rs2033101 (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.07, conditional p = 1.1 × 10(-4) ) were found. Integrative analysis using functional genomic data from the Roadmap Epigenomics, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project, the Cancer Genome Atlas and other public resources implied that SNPs rs7815245 in Signal 3, and rs1121948 in Signal 5 (in linkage disequilibrium with rs11780156, r(2)  = 0.77), were putatively functional variants for two of the five independent association signals. The results highlighted multiple 8q24 variants associated with breast cancer susceptibility in women of European ancestry.
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    Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses
    Zhan, H ; Ahearn, TU ; Lecarpentier, J ; Barnes, D ; Beesley, J ; Qi, G ; Jiang, X ; O'Mara, TA ; Zhao, N ; Bolla, MK ; Dunning, AM ; Dennis, J ; Wang, Q ; Abu Ful, Z ; Aittomaki, K ; Andrulis, IL ; Anton-Culver, H ; Arndt, V ; Aronson, KJ ; Arun, BK ; Auer, PL ; Azzollini, J ; Barrowdale, D ; Becher, H ; Beckmann, MW ; Behrens, S ; Benitez, J ; Bermisheva, M ; Bialkowska, K ; Blanco, A ; Blomqvist, C ; Bogdanova, N ; Bojesen, SE ; Bonanni, B ; Bondavalli, D ; Borg, A ; Brauch, H ; Brenner, H ; Briceno, I ; Broeks, A ; Brucker, SY ; Bruening, T ; Burwinkel, B ; Buys, SS ; Byers, H ; Caldes, T ; Caligo, MA ; Calvello, M ; Campa, D ; Castelao, JE ; Chang-Claude, J ; Chanock, SJ ; Christiaens, M ; Christiansen, H ; Chung, WK ; Claes, KBM ; Clarke, CL ; Cornelissen, S ; Couch, FJ ; Cox, A ; Cross, SS ; Czene, K ; Daly, MB ; Devilee, P ; Diez, O ; Domchek, SM ; Doerk, T ; Dwek, M ; Eccles, DM ; Ekici, AB ; Evans, DG ; Fasching, PA ; Figueroa, J ; Foretova, L ; Fostira, F ; Friedman, E ; Frost, D ; Gago-Dominguez, M ; Gapstur, SM ; Garber, J ; Garcia-Saenz, JA ; Gaudet, MM ; Gayther, SA ; Giles, GG ; Godwin, AK ; Goldberg, MS ; Goldgar, DE ; Gonzalez-Neira, A ; Greene, MH ; Gronwald, J ; Guenel, P ; Haeberle, L ; Hahnen, E ; Haiman, CA ; Hake, CR ; Hall, P ; Hamann, U ; Harkness, EF ; Heemskerk-Gerritsen, BAM ; Hillemanns, P ; Hogervorst, FBL ; Holleczek, B ; Hollestelle, A ; Hooning, MJ ; Hoover, RN ; Hopper, JL ; Howell, A ; Huebner, H ; Hulick, PJ ; Imyanitov, EN ; Isaacs, C ; Izatt, L ; Jager, A ; Jakimovska, M ; Jakubowska, A ; James, P ; Janavicius, R ; Janni, W ; John, EM ; Jones, ME ; Jung, A ; Kaaks, R ; Kapoor, PM ; Karlan, BY ; Keeman, R ; Khan, S ; Khusnutdinova, E ; Kitahara, CM ; Ko, Y-D ; Konstantopoulou, I ; Koppert, LB ; Koutros, S ; Kristensen, VN ; Laenkholm, A-V ; Lambrechts, D ; Larsson, SC ; Laurent-Puig, P ; Lazaro, C ; Lazarova, E ; Lejbkowicz, F ; Leslie, G ; Lesueur, F ; Lindblom, A ; Lissowska, J ; Lo, W-Y ; Loud, JT ; Lubinski, J ; Lukomska, A ; MacInnis, RJ ; Mannermaa, A ; Manoochehri, M ; Manoukian, S ; Margolin, S ; Martinez, ME ; Matricardi, L ; McGuffog, L ; McLean, C ; Mebirouk, N ; Meindl, A ; Menon, U ; Miller, A ; Mingazheva, E ; Montagna, M ; Mulligan, AM ; Mulot, C ; Muranen, TA ; Nathanson, KL ; Neuhausen, SL ; Nevanlinna, H ; Neven, P ; Newman, WG ; Nielsens, FC ; Nikitina-Zake, L ; Nodora, J ; Offit, K ; Olah, E ; Olopade, O ; Olsson, H ; Orr, N ; Papi, L ; Papp, J ; Park-Simon, T-W ; Parsons, MT ; Peissel, B ; Peixoto, A ; Peshkin, B ; Peterlongo, P ; Peto, J ; Phillips, K-A ; Piedmonte, M ; Plaseska-Karanfilska, D ; Prajzendanc, K ; Prentice, R ; Prokofyeva, D ; Rack, B ; Radice, P ; Ramus, SJ ; Rantala, J ; Rashid, MU ; Rennert, G ; Rennert, HS ; Risch, HA ; Romero, A ; Rookus, MA ; Ruebner, M ; Ruediger, T ; Saloustros, E ; Sampson, S ; Sandler, DP ; Sawyer, EJ ; Scheuner, MT ; Schmutzler, RK ; Schneeweiss, A ; Schoemaker, MJ ; Schoettker, B ; Schuermann, P ; Senter, L ; Sharma, P ; Sherman, ME ; Shu, X-O ; Singer, CF ; Smichkoska, S ; Soucy, P ; Southey, MC ; Spinelli, JJ ; Stone, J ; Stoppa-Lyonnet, D ; Swerdlow, AJ ; Szabo, C ; Tamimi, RM ; Tapper, WJ ; Taylor, JA ; Teixeira, MR ; Terry, M ; Thomassen, M ; Thull, DL ; Tischkowitz, M ; Toland, AE ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Tomlinson, I ; Torres, D ; Troester, MA ; Truong, T ; Tung, N ; Untch, M ; Vachon, CM ; van den Ouweland, AMW ; van der Kolk, LE ; van Veen, EM ; vanRensburg, EJ ; Vega, A ; Wappenschmidt, B ; Weinberg, CR ; Weitzel, JN ; Wildiers, H ; Winqvist, R ; Wolk, A ; Yang, XR ; Yannoukakos, D ; Zheng, W ; Zorn, KK ; Milne, RL ; Kraft, P ; Simard, J ; Pharoah, PDP ; Michailidou, K ; Antoniou, AC ; Schmidt, MK ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Easton, DF ; Chatterjee, N ; Garcia-Closas, M (NATURE RESEARCH, 2020-06)
    Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype1-3. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P < 5.0 × 10-8), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 0.05). Five loci showed associations (P < 0.05) in opposite directions between luminal and non-luminal subtypes. In silico analyses showed that these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 54.2% for luminal A-like disease and 37.6% for triple-negative disease. The odds ratios of polygenic risk scores, which included 330 variants, for the highest 1% of quantiles compared with middle quantiles were 5.63 and 3.02 for luminal A-like and triple-negative disease, respectively. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores.
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    Body mass index and breast cancer survival: a Mendelian randomization analysis
    Guo, Q ; Burgess, S ; Turman, C ; Bolla, MK ; Wang, Q ; Lush, M ; Abraham, J ; Aittomaki, K ; Andrulis, IL ; Apicella, C ; Arndt, V ; Barrdahl, M ; Benitez, J ; Berg, CD ; Blomqvist, C ; Bojesen, SE ; Bonanni, B ; Brand, JS ; Brenner, H ; Broeks, A ; Burwinkel, B ; Caldas, C ; Campa, D ; Canzian, F ; Chang-Claude, J ; Chanock, SJ ; Chin, S-F ; Couch, FJ ; Cox, A ; Cross, SS ; Cybulski, C ; Czene, K ; Darabi, H ; Devilee, P ; Diver, WR ; Dunning, AM ; Earl, HM ; Eccles, DM ; Ekici, AB ; Eriksson, M ; Evans, DG ; Fasching, PA ; Figueroa, J ; Flesch-Janys, D ; Flyger, H ; Gapstur, SM ; Gaudet, MM ; Giles, GG ; Glendon, G ; Grip, M ; Gronwald, J ; Haeberle, L ; Haiman, CA ; Hall, P ; Hamann, U ; Hankinson, S ; Hartikainen, JM ; Hein, A ; Hiller, L ; Hogervorst, FB ; Holleczek, B ; Hooning, MJ ; Hoover, RN ; Humphreys, K ; Hunter, DJ ; Husing, A ; Jakubowska, A ; Jukkola-Vuorinen, A ; Kaaks, R ; Kabisch, M ; Kataja, V ; Knight, JA ; Koppert, LB ; Kosma, V-M ; Kristensen, VN ; Lambrechts, D ; Le Marchand, L ; Li, J ; Lindblom, A ; Lindstrom, S ; Lissowska, J ; Lubinski, J ; Machiela, MJ ; Mannermaa, A ; Manoukian, S ; Margolin, S ; Marme, F ; Martens, JWM ; McLean, C ; Menendez, P ; Milne, RL ; Mulligan, AM ; Muranen, TA ; Nevanlinna, H ; Neven, P ; Nielsen, SF ; Nordestgaard, BG ; Olson, JE ; Perez, JIA ; Peterlongo, P ; Phillips, K-A ; Poole, CJ ; Pylkas, K ; Radice, P ; Rahman, N ; Rudiger, T ; Rudolph, A ; Sawyer, EJ ; Schumacher, F ; Seibold, P ; Seynaeve, C ; Shah, M ; Smeets, A ; Southey, MC ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Tomlinson, I ; Tsimiklis, H ; Ulmer, H-U ; Vachon, C ; van den Ouweland, AMW ; Van't Veer, LJ ; Wildiers, H ; Willett, W ; Winqvist, R ; Zamora, MP ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Dork, T ; Easton, DF ; Garcia-Closas, M ; Kraft, P ; Hopper, JL ; Zheng, W ; Schmidt, MK ; Pharoah, PDP (OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017-12)
    BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with reduced survival for women with breast cancer. However, the underlying reasons remain unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate a possible causal role of BMI in survival from breast cancer. METHODS: We used individual-level data from six large breast cancer case-cohorts including a total of 36 210 individuals (2475 events) of European ancestry. We created a BMI genetic risk score (GRS) based on genotypes at 94 known BMI-associated genetic variants. Association between the BMI genetic score and breast cancer survival was analysed by Cox regression for each study separately. Study-specific hazard ratios were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS: BMI genetic score was found to be associated with reduced breast cancer-specific survival for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cases [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, per one-unit increment of GRS, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.22, P = 0.03). We observed no association for ER-negative cases (HR = 1.00, per one-unit increment of GRS, 95% CI 0.89-1.13, P = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a causal effect of increased BMI on reduced breast cancer survival for ER-positive breast cancer. There is no evidence of a causal effect of higher BMI on survival for ER-negative breast cancer cases.
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    Genome-wide association analysis identifies three new breast cancer susceptibility loci
    Ghoussaini, M ; Fletcher, O ; Michailidou, K ; Turnbull, C ; Schmidt, MK ; Dicks, E ; Dennis, J ; Wang, Q ; Humphreys, MK ; Luccarini, C ; Baynes, C ; Conroy, D ; Maranian, M ; Ahmed, S ; Driver, K ; Johnson, N ; Orr, N ; Silva, IDS ; Waisfisz, Q ; Meijers-Heijboer, H ; Uitterlinden, AG ; Rivadeneira, F ; Hall, P ; Czene, K ; Irwanto, A ; Liu, J ; Nevanlinna, H ; Aittomaki, K ; Blomqvist, C ; Meindl, A ; Schmutzler, RK ; Mueller-Myhsok, B ; Lichtner, P ; Chang-Claude, J ; Hein, R ; Nickels, S ; Flesch-Janys, D ; Tsimiklis, H ; Makalic, E ; Schmidt, D ; Bui, M ; Hopper, JL ; Apicella, C ; Park, DJ ; Southey, M ; Hunter, DJ ; Chanock, SJ ; Broeks, A ; Verhoef, S ; Hogervorst, FBL ; Fasching, PA ; Lux, MP ; Beckmann, MW ; Ekici, AB ; Sawyer, E ; Tomlinson, I ; Kerin, M ; Marme, F ; Schneeweiss, A ; Sohn, C ; Burwinkel, B ; Guenel, P ; Truong, T ; Cordina-Duverger, E ; Menegaux, F ; Bojesen, SE ; Nordestgaard, BG ; Nielsen, SF ; Flyger, H ; Milne, RL ; Rosario Alonso, M ; Gonzalez-Neira, A ; Benitez, J ; Anton-Culver, H ; Ziogas, A ; Bernstein, L ; Dur, CC ; Brenner, H ; Mueller, H ; Arndt, V ; Stegmaier, C ; Justenhoven, C ; Brauch, H ; Bruening, T ; Wang-Gohrke, S ; Eilber, U ; Doerk, T ; Schuermann, P ; Bremer, M ; Hillemanns, P ; Bogdanova, NV ; Antonenkova, NN ; Rogov, YI ; Karstens, JH ; Bermisheva, M ; Prokofieva, D ; Khusnutdinova, E ; Lindblom, A ; Margolin, S ; Mannermaa, A ; Kataja, V ; Kosma, V-M ; Hartikainen, JM ; Lambrechts, D ; Yesilyurt, BT ; Floris, G ; Leunen, K ; Manoukian, S ; Bonanni, B ; Fortuzzi, S ; Peterlongo, P ; Couch, FJ ; Wang, X ; Stevens, K ; Lee, A ; Giles, GG ; Baglietto, L ; Severi, G ; McLean, C ; Alnaes, GG ; Kristensen, V ; Borrensen-Dale, A-L ; John, EM ; Miron, A ; Winqvist, R ; Pylkas, K ; Jukkola-Vuorinen, A ; Kauppila, S ; Andrulis, IL ; Glendon, G ; Mulligan, AM ; Devilee, P ; van Asperen, CJ ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Seynaeve, C ; Figueroa, JD ; Garcia-Closas, M ; Brinton, L ; Lissowska, J ; Hooning, MJ ; Hollestelle, A ; Oldenburg, RA ; van den Ouweland, AMW ; Cox, A ; Reed, MWR ; Shah, M ; Jakubowska, A ; Lubinski, J ; Jaworska, K ; Durda, K ; Jones, M ; Schoemaker, M ; Ashworth, A ; Swerdlow, A ; Beesley, J ; Chen, X ; Muir, KR ; Lophatananon, A ; Rattanamongkongul, S ; Chaiwerawattana, A ; Kang, D ; Yoo, K-Y ; Noh, D-Y ; Shen, C-Y ; Yu, J-C ; Wu, P-E ; Hsiung, C-N ; Perkins, A ; Swann, R ; Velentzis, L ; Eccles, DM ; Tapper, WJ ; Gerty, SM ; Graham, NJ ; Ponder, BAJ ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Pharoah, PDP ; Lathrop, M ; Dunning, AM ; Rahman, N ; Peto, J ; Easton, DF (NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2012-03)
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. To date, 22 common breast cancer susceptibility loci have been identified accounting for ∼8% of the heritability of the disease. We attempted to replicate 72 promising associations from two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in ∼70,000 cases and ∼68,000 controls from 41 case-control studies and 9 breast cancer GWAS. We identified three new breast cancer risk loci at 12p11 (rs10771399; P = 2.7 × 10(-35)), 12q24 (rs1292011; P = 4.3 × 10(-19)) and 21q21 (rs2823093; P = 1.1 × 10(-12)). rs10771399 was associated with similar relative risks for both estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive breast cancer, whereas the other two loci were associated only with ER-positive disease. Two of the loci lie in regions that contain strong plausible candidate genes: PTHLH (12p11) has a crucial role in mammary gland development and the establishment of bone metastasis in breast cancer, and NRIP1 (21q21) encodes an ER cofactor and has a role in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth.
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    Evaluation of variation in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha oncogene and breast cancer risk
    Stevens, KN ; Garcia-Closas, M ; Fredericksen, Z ; Kosel, M ; Pankratz, VS ; Hopper, JL ; Dite, GS ; Apicella, C ; Southey, MC ; Schmidt, MK ; Broeks, A ; Van 't Veer, LJ ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Fasching, PA ; Beckmann, MW ; Hein, A ; Ekici, AB ; Johnson, N ; Peto, J ; Silva, IDS ; Gibson, L ; Sawyer, E ; Tomlinson, I ; Kerin, MJ ; Chanock, S ; Lissowska, J ; Hunter, DJ ; Hoover, RN ; Thomas, GD ; Milne, RL ; Perez, JIA ; Gonzalez-Neira, A ; Benitez, J ; Burwinkel, B ; Meindl, A ; Schmutzler, RK ; Bartrar, CR ; Hamann, U ; Ko, YD ; Bruening, T ; Chang-Claude, J ; Hein, R ; Wang-Gohrke, S ; Doerk, T ; Schuermann, P ; Bremer, M ; Hillemanns, P ; Bogdanova, N ; Zalutsky, JV ; Rogov, YI ; Antonenkova, N ; Lindblom, A ; Margolin, S ; Mannermaa, A ; Kataja, V ; Kosma, V-M ; Hartikainen, J ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Chen, X ; Peterlongo, P ; Bonanni, B ; Bernard, L ; Manoukian, S ; Wang, X ; Cerhan, J ; Vachon, CM ; Olson, J ; Giles, GG ; Baglietto, L ; McLean, CA ; Severi, G ; John, EM ; Miron, A ; Winqvist, R ; Pylkaes, K ; Jukkola-Vuorinen, A ; Grip, M ; Andrulis, I ; Knight, JA ; Glendon, G ; Mulligan, AM ; Cox, A ; Brock, IW ; Elliott, G ; Cross, SS ; Pharoah, PP ; Dunning, AM ; Pooley, KA ; Humphreys, MK ; Wang, J ; Kang, D ; Yoo, K-Y ; Noh, D-Y ; Sangrajrang, S ; Gabrieau, V ; Brennan, P ; Mckay, J ; Anton-Culver, H ; Ziogas, A ; Couch, FJ ; Easton, DF (NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2011-12-06)
    BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations in phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) are frequent in breast tumours and have been associated with oestrogen receptor (ER) expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpression, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between inherited variation in this oncogene and risk of breast cancer. METHODS: A single-nucleotide polymorphism from the PIK3CA locus that was associated with breast cancer in a study of Caucasian breast cancer cases and controls from the Mayo Clinic (MCBCS) was genotyped in 5436 cases and 5280 controls from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study and in 30 949 cases and 29 788 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). RESULTS: Rs1607237 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer in MCBCS, CGEMS and all studies of white Europeans combined (odds ratio (OR)=0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-0.99, P=4.6 × 10(-3)), but did not reach significance in the BCAC replication study alone (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.01, P=0.139). CONCLUSION: Common germline variation in PIK3CA does not have a strong influence on the risk of breast cancer.
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    SNP-SNP interaction analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway on breast cancer survival
    Jamshidi, M ; Fagerholm, R ; Khan, S ; Aittomaki, K ; Czene, K ; Darabi, H ; Li, J ; Andrulis, IL ; Chang-Claude, J ; Devilee, P ; Fasching, PA ; Michailidou, K ; Bolla, MK ; Dennis, J ; Wang, Q ; Guo, Q ; Rhenius, V ; Cornelissen, S ; Rudolph, A ; Knight, JA ; Loehberg, CR ; Burwinkel, B ; Marme, F ; Hopper, JL ; Southey, MC ; Bojesen, SE ; Flyger, H ; Brenner, H ; Holleczek, B ; Margolin, S ; Mannermaa, A ; Kosma, V-M ; Van Dyck, L ; Nevelsteen, I ; Couch, FJ ; Olson, JE ; Giles, GG ; McLean, C ; Haiman, CA ; Henderson, BE ; Winqvist, R ; Pylkas, K ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Garcia-Closas, M ; Figueroa, J ; Hooning, MJ ; Martens, JWM ; Cox, A ; Cross, SS ; Simard, J ; Dunning, AM ; Easton, DF ; Pharoah, PDP ; Hall, P ; Blomqvist, C ; Schmidt, MK ; Nevanlinna, H (IMPACT JOURNALS LLC, 2015-11-10)
    In breast cancer, constitutive activation of NF-κB has been reported, however, the impact of genetic variation of the pathway on patient prognosis has been little studied. Furthermore, a combination of genetic variants, rather than single polymorphisms, may affect disease prognosis. Here, in an extensive dataset (n = 30,431) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, we investigated the association of 917 SNPs in 75 genes in the NF-κB pathway with breast cancer prognosis. We explored SNP-SNP interactions on survival using the likelihood-ratio test comparing multivariate Cox' regression models of SNP pairs without and with an interaction term. We found two interacting pairs associating with prognosis: patients simultaneously homozygous for the rare alleles of rs5996080 and rs7973914 had worse survival (HRinteraction 6.98, 95% CI=3.3-14.4, P=1.42E-07), and patients carrying at least one rare allele for rs17243893 and rs57890595 had better survival (HRinteraction 0.51, 95% CI=0.3-0.6, P = 2.19E-05). Based on in silico functional analyses and literature, we speculate that the rs5996080 and rs7973914 loci may affect the BAFFR and TNFR1/TNFR3 receptors and breast cancer survival, possibly by disturbing both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways or their dynamics, whereas, rs17243893-rs57890595 interaction on survival may be mediated through TRAF2-TRAIL-R4 interplay. These results warrant further validation and functional analyses.
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    Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk Based on Profiling With Common Genetic Variants
    Mavaddat, N ; Pharoah, PDP ; Michailidou, K ; Tyrer, J ; Brook, MN ; Bolla, MK ; Wang, Q ; Dennis, J ; Dunning, AM ; Shah, M ; Luben, R ; Brown, J ; Bojesen, SE ; Nordestgaard, BG ; Nielsen, SF ; Flyger, H ; Czene, K ; Darabi, H ; Eriksson, M ; Peto, J ; dos-Santos-Silva, I ; Dudbridge, F ; Johnson, N ; Schmidt, MK ; Broeks, A ; Verhoef, S ; Rutgers, EJ ; Swerdlow, A ; Ashworth, A ; Orr, N ; Schoemaker, MJ ; Figueroa, J ; Chanock, SJ ; Brinton, L ; Lissowska, J ; Couch, FJ ; Olson, JE ; Vachon, C ; Pankratz, VS ; Lambrechts, D ; Wildiers, H ; Van Ongeval, C ; Van Limbergen, E ; Kristensen, V ; Alnaes, GG ; Nord, S ; Borresen-Dale, A-L ; Nevanlinna, H ; Muranen, TA ; Aittomaeki, K ; Blomqvist, C ; Chang-Claude, J ; Rudolph, A ; Seibold, P ; Flesch-Janys, D ; Fasching, PA ; Haeberle, L ; Ekici, AB ; Beckmann, MW ; Burwinkel, B ; Marme, F ; Schneeweiss, A ; Sohn, C ; Trentham-Dietz, A ; Newcomb, P ; Titus, L ; Egan, KM ; Hunter, DJ ; Lindstrom, S ; Tamimi, RM ; Kraft, P ; Rahman, N ; Turnbull, C ; Renwick, A ; Seal, S ; Li, J ; Liu, J ; Humphreys, K ; Benitez, J ; Zamora, MP ; Perez, JIA ; Menendez, P ; Jakubowska, A ; Lubinski, J ; Jaworska-Bieniek, K ; Durda, K ; Bogdanova, NV ; Antonenkova, NN ; Doerk, T ; Anton-Culver, H ; Neuhausen, SL ; Ziogas, A ; Bernstein, L ; Devilee, P ; Tollenaar, RAEM ; Seynaeve, C ; van Asperen, CJ ; Cox, A ; Cross, SS ; Reed, MWR ; Khusnutdinova, E ; Bermisheva, M ; Prokofyeva, D ; Takhirova, Z ; Meindl, A ; Schmutzler, RK ; Sutter, C ; Yang, R ; Schuermann, P ; Bremer, M ; Christiansen, H ; Park-Simon, T-W ; Hillemanns, P ; Guenel, P ; Truong, T ; Menegaux, F ; Sanchez, M ; Radice, P ; Peterlongo, P ; Manoukian, S ; Pensotti, V ; Hopper, JL ; Tsimiklis, H ; Apicella, C ; Southey, MC ; Brauch, H ; Bruening, T ; Ko, Y-D ; Sigurdson, AJ ; Doody, MM ; Hamann, U ; Torres, D ; Ulmer, H-U ; Foersti, A ; Sawyer, EJ ; Tomlinson, I ; Kerin, MJ ; Miller, N ; Andrulis, IL ; Knight, JA ; Glendon, G ; Mulligan, AM ; Chenevix-Trench, G ; Balleine, R ; Giles, GG ; Milne, RL ; McLean, C ; Lindblom, A ; Margolin, S ; Haiman, CA ; Henderson, BE ; Schumacher, F ; Le Marchand, L ; Eilber, U ; Wang-Gohrke, S ; Hooning, MJ ; Hollestelle, A ; van den Ouweland, AMW ; Koppert, LB ; Carpenter, J ; Clarke, C ; Scott, R ; Mannermaa, A ; Kataja, V ; Kosma, V-M ; Hartikainen, JM ; Brenner, H ; Arndt, V ; Stegmaier, C ; Dieffenbach, AK ; Winqvist, R ; Pylkaes, K ; Jukkola-Vuorinen, A ; Grip, M ; Offit, K ; Vijai, J ; Robson, M ; Rau-Murthy, R ; Dwek, M ; Swann, R ; Perkins, KA ; Goldberg, MS ; Labreche, F ; Dumont, M ; Eccles, DM ; Tapper, WJ ; Rafiq, S ; John, EM ; Whittemore, AS ; Slager, S ; Yannoukakos, D ; Toland, AE ; Yao, S ; Zheng, W ; Halverson, SL ; Gonzalez-Neira, A ; Pita, G ; Alonso, MR ; Alvarez, N ; Herrero, D ; Tessier, DC ; Vincent, D ; Bacot, F ; Luccarini, C ; Baynes, C ; Ahmed, S ; Maranian, M ; Healey, CS ; Simard, J ; Hall, P ; Easton, DF ; Garcia-Closas, M (OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2015-05)
    BACKGROUND: Data for multiple common susceptibility alleles for breast cancer may be combined to identify women at different levels of breast cancer risk. Such stratification could guide preventive and screening strategies. However, empirical evidence for genetic risk stratification is lacking. METHODS: We investigated the value of using 77 breast cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for risk stratification, in a study of 33 673 breast cancer cases and 33 381 control women of European origin. We tested all possible pair-wise multiplicative interactions and constructed a 77-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Absolute risks of breast cancer by PRS were derived from relative risk estimates and UK incidence and mortality rates. RESULTS: There was no strong evidence for departure from a multiplicative model for any SNP pair. Women in the highest 1% of the PRS had a three-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with women in the middle quintile (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.95 to 3.83). The ORs for ER-positive and ER-negative disease were 3.73 (95% CI = 3.24 to 4.30) and 2.80 (95% CI = 2.26 to 3.46), respectively. Lifetime risk of breast cancer for women in the lowest and highest quintiles of the PRS were 5.2% and 16.6% for a woman without family history, and 8.6% and 24.4% for a woman with a first-degree family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The PRS stratifies breast cancer risk in women both with and without a family history of breast cancer. The observed level of risk discrimination could inform targeted screening and prevention strategies. Further discrimination may be achievable through combining the PRS with lifestyle/environmental factors, although these were not considered in this report.