Ophthalmology (Eye & Ear Hospital) - Research Publications

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Subject: eye research × Author: WEIH, LEANN × Author: McCarty, Catherine × Author: MUKESH, Bickol ×

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    Prevalence and predictors of open-angle glaucoma : results from the Visual Impairment Project
    Weih, LeAnn M. ; Mukesh, Nanjan ; McCarty, Catherine A. ; Taylor, Hugh R. (Elsevier (American Academy of Ophthalmology), 2001-11)
    Purpose: To determine the prevalence and investigate predictors of open-angle glaucoma in Victoria, Australia Design: Two-site, population-based cross-sectional study. Participants: Permanent residents aged 40 years and older at recruitment from 1992 through 1996. Methods: A cluster-stratified random sample of 4744 participants from two cohorts, urban and rural, participated. Participants completed a standardized interview regarding demographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics and a dilated eye examination including measurement of intraocular pressure, visual fields, cup-to-disc ratios, and paired stereo photography of the optic discs. A consensus panel of six ophthalmologists determined glaucoma diagnosis. Main Outcome Measure: Diagnosis of glaucoma (possible, probable, definite). Results: The prevalence of possible glaucoma cases was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60, 1.7), of probable cases was 0.70% (95% CI, 0.39, 1.0), and of definite cases was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4, 2.2). There was a significant increase in glaucoma prevalence with age across all definitions, but there was no difference in age-standardized rates between genders. A total of 60% of probable and definite glaucoma cases were undiagnosed before this study. Adjusted for age, the strongest risk factor for glaucoma was a positive family history of glaucoma (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6, 5.3). Glaucoma patients who had not attended an eye care provider in the last 2 years were eight times (95% CI, 3.2, 20.4) more likely to have undiagnosed disease. Conclusions: These results support the importance of the genetic or familial basis of many glaucoma cases and highlight the need to develop appropriate techniques to screen for undiagnosed disease.
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    Association of demographic, familial, medical, and ocular factors with intraocular pressure
    Weih, LeAnn M. ; Mukesh, Bickol N. ; McCarty, Catherine A. ; Taylor, Hugh R. (American Medical Association, 2001)
    Objective: To describe the distribution and associations of demographic, familial, medical, and ocular factors with intraocular pressure (lOP).Methods: A cluster stratified random sample of urban and rural residents of Victoria, Australia, aged 40 years and older. Participants completed an interview and underwent a standardized dilated ophthalmic examination including measurement of IOP with an electronic applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen). Glaucoma status (possible, probable, definite) was determined by a consensus panel. The main outcome measure was IOP.Results: The mean age of the 4576 participants was 59 years, 53% were women, 32% were born overseas, and 132 had open-angle glaucoma. Geometric mean (SD) IOP was 14.3 (± 1.5) mm Hg. The relationship between IOP and nuclear sclerosis, iris color, and family history of glaucoma depended on glaucoma status. In those with glaucoma, family history of glaucoma and country of birth were significantly associated with IOP in multivariate models (model: r²=0.08, P=0.01). In the group without glaucoma, place of residence, use of alcohol, iris color , vitamin E intake, and spherical equivalent were associated with IOP (model: r²=0.01, P=.006).Conclusion: In participants with glaucoma, genetic factors seem to be stronger predictors of IOP, whereas in those without glaucoma, lifestyle and physiological factors seem to play a greater role.