School of Physics - Theses
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ItemThe vertical distribution of ozone and atmospheric circulation( 1963)In 1845 Schönbein proposed that ozone might be a constituent of the atmosphere. Observations of the cut-off of the solar spectrum in the ultra-violet led Cornu to suggest in 1978 that the cut-off was due to absorption in the earth's atmosphere. Hartley (1880) discovered absorption bands of ozone extending from 2100 A.U. to 3200 A.U., which he correctly suggested were responsible for the cut-off at about 2900 A.U. The discovery by Huggins (1890) of absorption bands in the spectrum of Sirius, and their identification with ozone absorption in the terrestrial atmosphere by Fowler and Strutt (1917) confirmed Hartley's suggestion. When Wigand (1913) photographed the solar spectrum from a height of 9 km. he found practically the same cut-off as at sea level, indicating that the ozone is situated above this altitude. Measurement of the ratio of the intensities of a wavelength in the near UV for varying zenith angles of the sun led Fabry and Buisson (1912) to conclude that the ozone in the atmosphere is equivalent to a layer about 2 to 3 mm. thick at STP situated at about 50 km. altitude. Strutt (1918) and Cabannes and Dufay (1925) found similar results. Dobson and Harrison (1926) refined the method due to Fabry and Buisson (see Chapter 2.4a), and pioneered a worldwide network of observation stations to determine latitudinal, seasonal, and meteorological variations in the total ozone amounts. (From Ch.1 Introduction)