Infrastructure Engineering - Theses
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ItemNo Preview AvailableSpatial query and analysis for 3D urban land administrationBarzegar, Maryam ( 2022)Urban land administration includes the essential information and processes for supporting rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs) in multi-storey structures. The rapid growth of multi-storey buildings and urban infrastructure challenges the efficiency of the current 2D land administration systems in managing and communicating RRRs in spatially complex situations. Therefore, 3D digital approaches and models are being researched to make it easier to manage RRRs in urban environments. Recent studies have shown that building information models (BIMs) should have the required features for managing 3D RRR data in urban land administration. In order to transfer information between different BIM applications, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model is used. In IFC, most 3D objects are modelled using solid models. IFC supports different types of geometric representations for solids. 3D RRR spaces (3D volumetric representation of property) are typically modelled using swept solid geometry in IFC. For retrieving property boundaries from an IFC model, faces of the 3D legal space that represent property boundaries should be extracted. The type of boundary will then be assigned to each face based on the spatial relationships between the 3D legal space and the surrounding building elements. This procedure is called boundary identification analysis. However, faces of objects that are modelled using the swept solid geometry cannot be extracted. Consequently, using file-based IFC data to undertake boundary identification analysis is not feasible. To overcome the geometry data storage issue of IFC data in modelling 3D RRR spaces, and its limitations in doing spatial analyses (e.g. boundary identification analysis), a 3D spatial database can be used to replace file-based approaches. In a 3D spatial database, 3D objects are modelled using polyhedral surface geometry. In this way, data can be accessed not only at the object-level but also at the surface level. As a result, performing spatial analyses that combine several object and surface-level queries is possible. Furthermore, different access privileges can be defined on the object level or even surface level for different users. Consequently, only specific users can edit or manipulate the data. Within an organisation, files are created by different programmers working in various departments over long periods of time, which will lead to data redundancy. However, using a spatial database eliminates data redundancy and data only needs to be stored once. By considering the land management paradigm as the basis, this research aims to develop a 3D spatial database to answer the analysis requirements of urban land administration. In order to achieve this aim, the Victorian land administration system was considered as a case study. In the first step, the spatial analysis requirements of the Victorian land administration system (required Level of Detail (LoD) for each analysis, legal data, etc.) and the knowledge gaps were identified. It was found that boundary identification analysis is the most important spatial analysis in urban land administration; however, no methodology was developed for conducting this analysis. In the next step, the capabilities of current 3D data models for performing boundary identification analysis were evaluated. In addition, a new methodology for boundary identification analysis using the ray projection method for identifying the topological relationships between 3D legal spaces and building elements was devised and implemented. It became clear that current 3D data models do not support topological operators and no methodology for modelling complex 3D legal spaces, which are surrounded by oblique and curved building elements, had been developed prior to this research. Following this, by considering the identified spatial analysis requirements and knowledge gaps in previous steps, a framework for creating a unified 3D spatial analysis system for urban land administration is proposed. Based on the proposed framework, developing an IFC-based database that takes into account the spatial analysis requirements of urban land administration would lead to: firstly, reducing the number of tables and entities in the database; secondly, increasing its functionality; and thirdly, guaranteeing that the designed database can answer all the analysis requirements of this domain. As mentioned before, no methodology for modelling complex 3D legal spaces, surrounded by oblique and curved building elements, was detected in the previous steps. In the next step, by taking into account the identified 3D spatial analysis requirements, a new methodology for modelling complex legal spaces was proposed. An IFC-based 3D spatial database for urban land administration was developed and to evaluate the database’s performance, two real datasets (multi-storey buildings with four and three levels) and one test dataset with oblique and curved building elements were stored in the developed 3D spatial database. Furthermore, a methodology for boundary identification analysis using the spatial operators of the database was developed. The proposed methodology can identify the property boundaries of both simple (surrounded by vertical walls and horizontal roof and floor) and complex 3D legal spaces. The thesis concludes with several suggestions for future research in urban land administration.