Infrastructure Engineering - Theses
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ItemBuilding information modelling for urban land administration( 2017)Over the last decades, rapid urbanization has resulted in unprecedented pressure on development and use of land in cities around the world, proliferating multi-storey buildings as well as other urban infrastructure facilities. This means that urban built environments are becoming more and more spatially complex. Urban land administration mainly refers to the information and processes required for recording and managing legal interests in multi-storey building developments, in which a community of owners hold their distinct private, communal, and public legal interests. In multi-storey building developments, the spatial extent of legal interests is often outlined as three-dimensional (3D), invisible, multi-layered and complex volumetric spaces. Currently, urban land administration practices mainly rely on 2D-based analogue subdivision plans to define boundaries of legal interests. These plans are recognized as posing a range of challenges in terms of communicating and managing the spatial complexity associated with various legal interests defined inside and around multi-storey buildings. In response to these challenges, 3D digital models are being investigated as a potential approach for managing complex, vertically stratified legal arrangements. In this research, the feasibility of a widely used 3D modelling approach in the architecture and construction industry – Building Information Modelling (BIM) – was investigated for the 3D digital management of legal interests in multi-storey building developments. BIM provides a common and 3D digital data sharing space, underpinning a reliable basis for facilitating collaboration and decision making over the lifecycle of buildings. However, legal attributes and spatial structure of legal arrangements inside and around buildings are yet to be accommodated within the BIM data environment. Therefore, a range of data elements required for managing legal information has been elicited by investigating current practices pertaining to subdivision of legal interests within multi-storey building developments in Victoria, Australia. An open data model in the BIM domain – Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) – was extended with these legal data elements and a prototype BIM model for a multi-story building development was implemented to demonstrate the viability of the extended IFC data model for 3D digital management and visualization of data related to complex legal arrangements. To validate the extended IFC data model, three assessments were conducted. In the first assessment, land administration experts and IFC specialists reviewed the extended data model in terms of its information completeness and logical validity. In the second assessment, the prototype BIM model was compared with its 2D plan version, and benefits and obstacles of using a BIM-driven approach for urban land administration were discussed. Final assessment includes the comparison between the prototype BIM model, which is an integrated legal and physical model, and its purely legal and purely physical models using some objective metrics. These metrics include number of objects and geometry batches, visualization speed in terms of frame rate, query time, modelling the spatial structure of legal interests, modelling legal boundaries, and visual communication of legal boundaries.
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Item3D cadastral visualisation: understanding users’ requirements( 2014)Population growth and reduced availability of land are common challenges in urban areas and lead to intensive property development. These developments extend both above and below ground such as high-rise buildings and infrastructure. For these developments, ownership rights are defined using many types of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs). The increasing complexity of multi-level developments and infrastructure exacerbates the challenge inefficiently registering RRRs within land registries, which existing two dimensional (2D) cadastres are only partly able to do. In current cadastral systems, these RRRs are represented using 2D building plans, cross-sections, isometric diagrams and textual descriptions in a paper (or PDF) format. This paper-based method of representation is inefficient in various ways. For example, this method makes it difficult for non-specialists to understand ownership boundaries. Furthermore, representing ownership rights in high-rises and complex developments needs numerous floor plans and cross-sections which are not easy to interpret. In addition, as these plans are recorded in paper or PDF files, queries and analysis are not possible. Therefore, there is a need for more effective and efficient representation of RRRs to support registration and understanding of RRRs in complex developments. 3D visualisation can help people better understand 3D ownership information particularly in complex high-rises. To design and develop efficient 3D visualisation applications, there is a need for identifying 3D cadastral visualisation requirements. The research problem underpinning this study is therefore: visualisation requirements to support the development of 3D cadastral applications to represent rights, restrictions and responsibilities have not been clearly identified. An agreed set of requirements will support the development of visualisation applications designed to meet users’ needs. To address the research problem, this research identified detailed 3D visualisation requirements using a requirements engineering approach to support efficient representation of ownership RRRs. These requirements were classified into data requirements, user interface and system requirements, non-functional requirements, visualisation requirements, and analytical requirements. The validation of requirements included development of two prototypes based on user requirements and gathering experts’ feedback using two questionnaires. Implementation of prototypes for representing RRRs, and the feedback on these, established the validity and priority of the requirements.