Biomedical Engineering - Research Publications

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Author: Grayden, David × Author: John, Sam × Author: Morokoff, Andrew × Start date: 2021 × End date: 2021 ×

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    Non-Invasive Measurement of Intracranial Pressure Through Application of Venous Ophthalmodynamometry.
    Lo, L ; Zhao, D ; Ayton, L ; Grayden, D ; Bui, B ; Morokoff, A ; John, S (IEEE, 2021-11)
    Non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is possible using venous ophthalmodynamometry to observe a pulsation in retinal blood vessels when intraocular pressure (IOP) exceeds ICP. Here, we identify features in the eye - optic disc and retinal blood vessel locations - and identify pulsation in large retinal blood vessels. The relationship between force and the magnitude of pulsation is used to estimate ICP when force is applied to the eye to gradually increase IOP over time. This approach yields 77% accuracy in automatically observing vessel pulsation.Clinical Relevance - Non-invasive ICP monitoring is desirable to improve patient outcome by reducing potential trauma and complications associated with invasive assessment with intracranial sensors or lumbar puncture.
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    Motor neuroprosthesis implanted with neurointerventional surgery improves capacity for activities of daily living tasks in severe paralysis: first in-human experience
    Oxley, TJ ; Yoo, PE ; Rind, GS ; Ronayne, SM ; Lee, CMS ; Bird, C ; Hampshire, V ; Sharma, RP ; Morokoff, A ; Williams, DL ; MacIsaac, C ; Howard, ME ; Irving, L ; Vrljic, I ; Williams, C ; John, SE ; Weissenborn, F ; Dazenko, M ; Balabanski, AH ; Friedenberg, D ; Burkitt, AN ; Wong, YT ; Drummond, KJ ; Desmond, P ; Weber, D ; Denison, T ; Hochberg, LR ; Mathers, S ; O'Brien, TJ ; May, CN ; Mocco, J ; Grayden, DB ; Campbell, BC ; Mitchell, P ; Opie, NL (BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, 2021-02-01)
    BACKGROUND: Implantable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), functioning as motor neuroprostheses, have the potential to restore voluntary motor impulses to control digital devices and improve functional independence in patients with severe paralysis due to brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve or muscle dysfunction. However, reports to date have had limited clinical translation. METHODS: Two participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) underwent implant in a single-arm, open-label, prospective, early feasibility study. Using a minimally invasive neurointervention procedure, a novel endovascular Stentrode BCI was implanted in the superior sagittal sinus adjacent to primary motor cortex. The participants undertook machine-learning-assisted training to use wirelessly transmitted electrocorticography signal associated with attempted movements to control multiple mouse-click actions, including zoom and left-click. Used in combination with an eye-tracker for cursor navigation, participants achieved Windows 10 operating system control to conduct instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) tasks. RESULTS: Unsupervised home use commenced from day 86 onwards for participant 1, and day 71 for participant 2. Participant 1 achieved a typing task average click selection accuracy of 92.63% (100.00%, 87.50%-100.00%) (trial mean (median, Q1-Q3)) at a rate of 13.81 (13.44, 10.96-16.09) correct characters per minute (CCPM) with predictive text disabled. Participant 2 achieved an average click selection accuracy of 93.18% (100.00%, 88.19%-100.00%) at 20.10 (17.73, 12.27-26.50) CCPM. Completion of IADL tasks including text messaging, online shopping and managing finances independently was demonstrated in both participants. CONCLUSION: We describe the first-in-human experience of a minimally invasive, fully implanted, wireless, ambulatory motor neuroprosthesis using an endovascular stent-electrode array to transmit electrocorticography signals from the motor cortex for multiple command control of digital devices in two participants with flaccid upper limb paralysis.