Graeme Clark Collection

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Author: BARKER, ELIZABETH × Author: Clark, Graeme × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1990 × Subject: cochlear implants × Subject: otolaryngology × Subject: otology ×

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    A clinical report on receptive vocabulary skills in cochlear implant users
    Dawson, P. W. ; Blamey, P. J. ; Dettman, S. J. ; Barker, E. J. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1995)
    Objective: The aim was to measure the rate of vocabulary acquisition for cochlear implant users and compare the pre- and postoperative rates with published data for other groups with normal or impaired hearing. The hypothesis was that the postoperative rate would be greater than the preoperative rate. Design: The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was administered to 32 children, adolescents, and prelinguistically deafened adults implanted with the 22-electrode cochlear implant. Age at implantation ranged from 2 y r 6 mo to 20 yr and implant use ranged from 6 mo to 7 yr 8 mo. Results: The group mean postoperative performance at various postoperative intervals was significantly higher than mean preoperative performance. Single-subject data indicated statistically significant gains over time on this test for 13 of the subjects. The mean postoperative rate of vocabulary acquisition of 1.06 times the rate for normally hearing children was significantly greater than the mean preoperative rate of 0.43. Conclusions: These rates of improvement were in accord with previous reports on smaller numbers of implant users, but could not be attributed unambiguously to use of the implant because no control group was used for this clinical work. Variables such as age at implantation, duration of profound deafness, communication mode, and speech perception skill failed to significantly predict rate of improvement on the PPVT.
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    A clinical report on speech production of cochlear implant users
    Dawson, P. W. ; Blamey, P. J. ; Dettman, S. J. ; Rowland, L. C. ; Barker, E. J. ; Tobey, E. A. ; Busby, P. A. ; Cowan, R. C. ( 1995)
    Objective: The aim was to assess articulation and speech intelligibility over time in a group of cochlear implant users implanted at 8 yr or over. The hypothesis was that the postoperative speech production performance would be greater than the preoperative performance. Design: A test of intelligibility using sentences and an articulation test measuring non-imitative elicited speech were administered to 11 and 10 subjects, respectively, who were implanted with the 22-electrode cochlear implant. Nine subjects received both tests. Age at implantation ranged from 8 yr to 20 yr and implant use ranged from 1 yr to 4 yr 5 mo. Results: For both the intelligibility and articulation tests roughly half of the subjects showed significant improvements over time and group mean postoperative performance significantly exceeded preoperative performance. Improvements occurred for front, middle, and back consonants; for stops, fricatives, and glides and for voiceless and voiced consonants. Conclusions: Despite being deprived of acoustic speech information for many childhood years, roughly half of the patients assessed showed significant gains in speech intelligibility and articulation postimplantation. The lack of a control group of non-implanted patients means that we cannot separate out the influence of the implant on speech production from other influences such as training and tactile-kinaesthetic feedback.
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    Results of multichannel cochlear implantation in very young children [Abstract]
    Galvin, K. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; DETTMAN, SHANI ; Dowell, Richard C. ; Barker, E. J. ; Rance, G. ; Hollow, R. ; Cowan, R. ( 1995)
    Most researchers and clinicians working in the cochlear implant field have assumed that profoundly deaf children will have a better prognosis in terms of speech perception, speech production and language development, implanted at as young an age as possible. However, it has been difficult to gather direct evidence for this hypothesis due to the problems in assessing children under the age of five years with formal tests.
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    Speech perception results for implanted children with different levels of preoperative residual hearing [Abstract]
    Galvin, K.L. ; Rance, G. ; Larratt, M. ; Hollow, R. ; Herridge, S. ; Skok, M. ; Dowell, R.C. ; Pyman, B. ; Gibson, W.P.R. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Cowan, R. S. C. ; DelDot, J. ; Barker, E. J. ; Sarant, J. Z. ; Dettman, S. ; Pegg, P. ( 1996)
    Many reports have established that hearing-impaired children using the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant may show both significant benefits to lipreading, and significant scores on open-set words and sentences using electrical stimulation only. These findings have raised suggestions that severely or severely-to-profoundly deaf children might benefit more from a cochlear implant than conventional amplification.
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    Speech perception benefits for implanted children with preoperative residual hearing [Abstract]
    Hollow, R. ; Rance, G. ; Dowell, R.C. ; Pyman, B. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Cowan, R. S. C. ; Galvin, K. L. ; Barker, E. J. ; Sarant, J. Z. ; Dettman, S. ( 1995)
    Since the implantation of the first children with the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear prosthesis in Melbourne in 1985, there has been rapid expansion in the number of implanted children world-wide. Improved surgical technique and experience in paediatric assessment and management have contributed to a trend to implant very young children. At the same time there has also been continuing development of improved speech processing strategies resulting in greater speech perception benefits.