Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemPerception of sentences, words, and speech features by profoundly hearing-impaired children using a multichannel electrotactile speech processor( 1990)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemPerceptual-oral training of two hearing-impaired children in the recognition and production of /s/ and /z/( 1990)Two hearing-impaired children were tested and trained in the utilization of an artificial acoustic cue that signalled the presence of s and z in verbal stimuli. These sounds, chosen because they are among the most important morphemes in English, were both perceived and produced significantly better by the subjects following only seven training sessions when the cue, automatically signalled by a specially designed laboratory device, was presented at a 20 dB sensation level in a frequency range immediately above the subjects’ upper limits of hearing for amplified speech. The implications of the study are briefly discussed in relation to testing and training procedures involving sensory aids.
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ItemPlace coding of vowel formants for cochlear implant patients( 1990)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemPerception of amplitude envelope variations of pulsatile electrotactile stimuli( 1990)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemSpeech feature recognition by profoundly hearing impaired children using a multiple-channel electrotactile speech processor and aided residual hearing( 1990)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemA comparison of two training strategies for speech recognition with an electrotactile speech processor( 1990)Seven normally hearing adults were trained in the use of a multiple-channel electrotactile speech processor for 70 hours over a 6-month period. Two training strategies were used on each of the subjects: (1) analytic-plus-synthetic (AS), and (2) synthetic (S). The speech perception abilities of the subjects were assessed with closed sets of vowels and consonants, open sets of word and sentences, and speech tracking for the tactile-plus-lipreading, tactile, and lipreading conditions. The subjects were tested on three separate occasions: (1) at the beginning of the study, (2) after 35 hours of training, and (3) after a further 35 hours of training. Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks (MSPR) tests showed that improvements observed with both the AS and S strategies were significantly (p > .05) greater that zero for most tests and conditions. The Wilcoxon MPSR test showed that the difference in improvements between the training strategies was significant for only the vowel and consonant tests in the tactile condition.
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ItemSpeech feature recognition with an electrotactile speech processor( 1989)The performance of eight subjects was assessed on a closed-set tactual test battery to evaluate efficiency of the speech feature encoding strategy currently used in the University of Melbourne multichannel electrotactile speech processor. The test battery included twelve subtests of suprasegmental and segmental speech feature contrasts. Results showed that all subjects scored significantly above chance on suprasegmental features such as syllable number, stress and vowel length. In addition, seven of the eight subjects scored significantly above chance for vowel formant frequency discrimination. Scores for manner of articulation contrasts were more variable, with better performance for the higher frequency, longer duration fricatives and affricates. Scores for voicing contrasts suggested that improvements to the tactual coding of this feature could be achieved. The second study examined the contribution of the tactual input to consonant feature identification for subjects using the electrotactile aid in combination with either a low-pass filtered auditory input or different levels of aided residual hearing and lipreading. Results for four normally-hearing subjects showed increased voicing and manner identification scores with the addition of tactual input. Similar results were found for two hearing-impaired subjects, one using the tactual input in combination with lipreading and one using the tactual input in combination with aided residual hearing.
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ItemSpeech perception studies using a multichannel electrotactile speech processor, residual hearing, and lipreading( 1989)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemSpeech perception using combinations of auditory, visual, and tactile information( 1989)Four normally-hearing subjects were trained and tested with all combinations of a highly-degraded auditory input, a visual input via lipreading, and a tactile input using a multichannel electrotactile speech processor. The speech perception of the subjects was assessed with closed sets of vowels, consonants, and multisyllabic words; with open sets of words and sentences, and with speech tracking. When the visual input was added to any combination of other inputs, a significant improvement occurred for every test. Similarly, the auditory input produced a significant improvement for all tests except closed-set vowel recognition. The tactile input produced scores that were significantly greater than chance in isolation, but combined less effectively with the other modalities. The addition of the tactile input did produce significant improvements for vowel recognition in the auditory-tactile condition, for consonant recognition in the auditory-tactile and visual-tactile conditions, and in open-set word recognition in the visual-tactile condition. Information transmission analysis of the features of vowels and consonants indicated that the information from auditory and visual inputs were integrated much more effectively than information from the tactile input. The less effective combination might be due to lack of training with the tactile input, or to more fundamental limitations in the processing of multimodal stimuli.
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ItemResults for two children using a multiple-electrode intracochlear implant( 1989)Abstract not available due to copyright.