Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemAuditory processing abilities in children using cochlear implants: their relevance to speech perception [Abstract]( 1999)This study aimed to investigate the relationships between some basic auditory processing skills, subject variables and speech perception ability in young children using cochlear implants. A modification of the play audiometry procedure was used to measure electrode discrimination and "rate-of-processing" ability in seventeen 4-10 year old children. In the electrode discrimination task, children responded with a game-like motor response when a repeating stimulation on a reference electrode "changed" to a different electrode. In the "rate-of processing" task, children had to respond to the "change" to a different electrode, when the duration of the stimuli and the time interval between the stimuli were decreased. Normally hearing children were assessed on this task with acoustic stimulation. Nonverbal intelligence, speech feature discrimination and closed-set word recognition were also measured in the children using implants.
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ItemFactors influencing gap detection in children using cochlear implants [Abstract]( 1998)Two studies on gap detection were conducted with children implanted with the Cochlear Limited multiple-electrode prosthesis. In the first study, gap thresholds were measured at three pulse rates (200, 500, and 1000 pulses/s) and two stimulus durations (500 and 1000 ms) in 15 subjects. Average gap thresholds ranged from 1.8 to 32.1 ms. There was, essentially, no effect of pulse rate and in all but two subjects, no effect of stimulus duration. For these two subjects, thresholds were higher for the 1000 ms stimulus duration. In the second study, the relationships between gap thresholds and subject characteristics, and between gap thresholds and speech perception scores were examined using data from 27 subjects. A significant negative correlation between age at onset of deafness and gap thresholds was found, indicating that subjects with an earlier onset of deafness had larger gap thresholds, and most of the variability in gap thresholds was found for the congenitally deaf subjects. Gap thresholds did not correlate with other subject variables, such as duration of deafness and duration of implant use. Significant negative correlations were found between gap thresholds and word scores for open-set BKB sentences in the auditory-visual condition and the lipreading enhancement scores for the same test, indicating that subjects with poorer gap thresholds had lower speech scores. Gap thresholds did not correlate with word scores for BKB sentences in the audition alone condition, and scores for closed-set monosyllabic word tests.
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ItemResults for the Nucleus multiple-electrode cochlear implant in two children [Abstract]( 1988)Two males, 9 years 10 months (CHILD 1) and 5 years 5 months (CHILD 2) at time of surgery, were implanted with the Nucleus multiple-electrode cochlear implant. Both patients were deafened as a result of meningitis in their third year. Assessments of speech perception, speech production and language skills were undertaken at regular intervals, pre and post operatively. For both patients in the audition alone condition, some speech perception post operative scores were significantly higher than pre operative scores and progressive improvements in scores over successive post operative data collection times were seen. Significant differences between the visual alone and auditory-visual condition scores were also observed for CHILD 1 post operatively. Speech production post operative scores were significantly higher than pre operative scores for both patients. The receptive vocabulary scores for both patients improved at a higher rate than that of age-matched normal children. The acquisition of expressive and receptive language skills for CHILD 2 was at a higher rate than that of age-matched children. Differences in the results between the two patients were seen, and this may be related to age and duration of deafness.