Graeme Clark Collection

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Author: Busby, Peter × Author: Dowell, Richard × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1990 × Subject: paediatric otology ×

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    The development of the Melbourne/Cochlear multiple-channel cochlear implant for profoundly deaf children
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Busby, Peter A. ; Dowell, Richard C. ; Dawson, Pamella W. ; Pyman, Brian C. ; Webb, Robert L. ; Staller, Steven J. ; Beiter, Anne L. ; Brimacombe, Judith A. ( 1992)
    In 1978-79, a speech processing strategy which extracted the voicing (FO) and second formant (F2) frequencies and presented these as rate and place of stimulation respectively to residual auditory nerve fibres was developed for the University of Melbourne's prototype multiple-channel receiver-stimulator (Clark et aI1977, Clark et a11978, Tong et aI1980). This speech processing strategy was shown to provide post linguistically deaf adults with some open-set speech comprehension using electrical stimulation alone, and considerable help when used in combination with lipreading (Clark et al 1981).
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    Speech perception, production and language results in a group of children using the 22-electrode cochlear implant
    Blamey, P. J. ; Dawson, P. W. ; Dettman, S. J. ; Rowland, L. C. ; Brown, A. M. ; Busby, P. A. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Rickards, F. W. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1992)
    Five children out of a group of nine (aged 5.5 to 19.9 years) implanted with the 22-electrode cochlear implant (Cochlear Ply. Ltd.) have achieved substantial scores on open-set speech tests using hearing without lipreading. Phoneme scores for monosyllabic words ranged from 40% to 72%. Word scores in sentences ranged from 26% to 74%. Four of these five children were implanted during preadolescence. The fifth child, who had a progressive loss and was implanted during adolescence after a short period of very profound deafness, scored highest on all speech perception tests. The remaining four children who did not demonstrate open-set recognition were implanted during adolescence after a long duration of profound deafness. Post-operative performance on closed-set speech perception tests was better than pre-operative performance for all children. Improvements in speech and language assessments were also noted. These improvements tended to be greater for the younger children. The results are discussed with reference to variables which may contribute to successful implant use: such as age at onset, duration of profound hearing loss, age at implantation, aetiology, educational program, and the type of training provided.
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    Psychophysical studies with children using cochlear implants [Abstract]
    Busby, P. ; Blamey, Peter J. ; Tong, Y. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Dowell, Richard C. ( 1992)
    Psychophysical studies were conducted on a heterogeneous group of 12 patients using, the Cochlear Nucleus cochlear implant. These patients became profoundly deaf early in life, prior to the full development of auditory and speech skills. The aim of the studies was to determine whether the basic hearing skills of these patients differ from those of patients who becamedeaf later in life. The mean age of, the patients at confirmation of the profound hearing loss was 22.3 months (range 6 to 45 months). The mean age of at the time of implantation as 14.8 years (range 5 to 24 years). The cause of deafness was meningitis for 7 patients, congenital Usher's syndrome for 3 patients and congenital unknown for 2 patients.