Graeme Clark Collection

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Author: Clark, Graeme × Author: Dowell, Richard × Author: PYMAN, BRIAN × End date: 1995 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Journal Article × Subject: cochlear implant ×

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    The progress of children using the multichannel cochlear implant in Melbourne
    Cowan, R. S. C. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Hollow, R. ; Dettman, S. J. ; Rance, G. ; Barker, E. J. ; Sarant, J. Z. ; Galvin, K. L. ; Webb, R. C. ; Pyman, B. C. ; Cousins, V. C. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1995)
    Multi-channel cochlear implantation in children began in Australia in 1985 and there are now close to 4000 profoundly deaf children and adolescents using the Australian implant system around the world. The aim of the implant procedure is to provide adequate hearing for speech and language development through auditory input. This contrasts with the situation for adults with acquired deafness where the cochlear implant aims to restore hearing for someone with well-developed auditory processing and language skills. As with adults, results vary over a wide range for children using the Multi-channel implant. Many factors have been suggested that may contribute to differences in speech perception for implanted children. In an attempt to better understand these factors, the speech perception results for children implanted in Melbourne were reviewed and subjected to statistical analysis. This has indicated that the amount of experience with the implant and the length of sensory deprivation are strongly correlated with perceptual results. This means that younger children are likely to perform better with an implant and that a number of years of experience are required for children to reach their full potential. The results have also indicated that educational placement and management play a crucial role in children reaching their potential. Overall, 60% of the children and adolescents in the study have reached a level of open-set speech understanding using the cochlear implant without lipreading.
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    The development of the Melbourne/Cochlear multiple-channel cochlear implant for profoundly deaf children
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Busby, Peter A. ; Dowell, Richard C. ; Dawson, Pamella W. ; Pyman, Brian C. ; Webb, Robert L. ; Staller, Steven J. ; Beiter, Anne L. ; Brimacombe, Judith A. ( 1992)
    In 1978-79, a speech processing strategy which extracted the voicing (FO) and second formant (F2) frequencies and presented these as rate and place of stimulation respectively to residual auditory nerve fibres was developed for the University of Melbourne's prototype multiple-channel receiver-stimulator (Clark et aI1977, Clark et a11978, Tong et aI1980). This speech processing strategy was shown to provide post linguistically deaf adults with some open-set speech comprehension using electrical stimulation alone, and considerable help when used in combination with lipreading (Clark et al 1981).