Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemEducational assessment and management of children with multichannel cochlear implants( 1987)This paper describes the assessment and training program to evaluate speech, language, and communication skills of profoundly deaf children during and after training. Two sensory aids/prostheses are used: hearing aids and the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Using a single-subject time-series experimental design, children's speech, language, and communication skills are assessed. For speech skills, assessment includes formal tests of articulation and intelligibility, syllable stress and process analyses, analyses of suprasegmental features, and voice quality. For general communication abilities, conversational skills with different speakers, story production skills, comprehension and expression of procedural information, discourse skills, and a measure of conversational interaction skills (pragmatics) are analyzed at regular intervals. Regular observations also sample the subjects' mode and frequency of interactions with individuals and groups in the school and home setting. Normative tests and formal analyses of language samples are also used to assess the overall language age of the child, vocabulary size, and kinds of expressive and receptive, syntactic, and semantic ability.
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ItemPreliminary results for the Cochlear Corporation multielectrode intracochlear implant in six prelingually deaf patients( 1987)The preliminary results from this study indicate that some prelingually deaf patients may get worthwhile help from a multiple-electrode cochlear implant that uses a formant-based speech processing strategy. It is encouraging that these improvements can occur in young adults and teenagers. The results for two children are also encouraging. A 10-year-old child obtained significant improvement on some speech perception tests. It was easy to set thresholds and comfortable listening levels on a 5-year-old child, and he is now a regular user of the device. There are, however, considerable variations in performance among the prelingual patients, which may be related to the following factors: whether they have had some hearing after birth, the method of education used, the motivation of the patient, and age at implantation.
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ItemClinical results for profoundly deaf patients using the 22-elctrode cochlear prosthesis [Abstract]( 1987)The 22-electrode cochlear prosthesis developed in Australia by the University of Melbourne and Cochlear Pty. Limited has been in clinical use in Melbourne for five years. Results for 40 postlingually deaf adults have shown significant communication benefit for 90% of patients. Twenty patients (50%) have demonstrated the ability to understand conversational speech without lipreading or visual cues. No electronic or mechanical failures have been observed in any of the implanted devices. There have been no serious medical complications, but psychological disturbance has occurred in two cases. Experience with prelingually deaf adults has indicated that initial hearing responses for this group are not as good as for the postlingually deaf patients. However, improvement over time has been evident with consistent use of the device. Long-term benefit for these patients will depend to a large extent on motivational and social factors. Results for a small number of young deaf children have been encouraging. The age at onset of profound deafness, intelligence, educational management and family support are all important factors affecting the potential benefit of a cochlear implant for a child.