Graeme Clark Collection

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Author: Clark, Graeme × End date: 1994 × Start date: 1994 × Type: Book Chapter × Subject: speech perception ×

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    The spectral maxima sound processor: recent findings in speech perception and psychophysics
    McKay, Colette M. ; McDermott, Hugh J. ; Vandali, Andrew E. ; Clark, Graeme M. (Wien, 1994)
    The Spectral Maxima Sound Processor (SMSP) was developed at the University of Melbourne for use with the Mini System 22 implant manufactured by Cochlear Pty Ltd. The SMSP has been shown in recent studies to provide improved speech perception to implantees when compared to the currently commercially available processor for this implant (the MSP (MULTIPEAK) processor). In the first of three experiments, the effect on speech perception of increasing the rate of stimulation of the SMSP and of increasing the number of electrodes activated in each stimulation cycle was studied. It was found that these parameter changes made little difference to speech perception in quiet but both changes were advantageous for some subjects when listening in noise. The second and third experiments investigated psychophysically the effects of two aspects of the SMSP strategy which differ from previous processors for this implant. In the second experiment, it was found that concurrent stimulation of two adjacent or nearby electrodes evoked a pitch which was intermediate to that of either electrode. This may explain, in part, the better discrimination of vowel formants by users of the SMSP. In the third experiment, it was found that a pitch related to the modulation frequency was evoked by amplitude-modulating a constant rate stimulus, provided that the rate of stimulation was sufficiently high (four times the modulation frequency) or a multiple of the modulation frequency. This result may explain the equal ability of SMSP and MSP users to perceive speaker differences and intonation patterns, even though the rate of stimulation is constant In the SMSP.
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    Habilitation issues in the management of children using the cochlear multiple-channel cochlear prosthesis
    Cowan, Robert S. C. ; Barker, Elizabeth J. ; Dettman, Shani J. ; Blamey, Peter J. ; RANCE, GARY ; Sarant, Julia Z. ; Galvin, Karyn L. ; Dawson, Pam W. ; Hollow, Rod ; Dowell, Richard C. ; PYMAN, BRIAN ; Clark, Graeme M. (Wien, 1994)
    Since 1985, a significant proportion of patients seen in the Melbourne cochlear implant clinic have been children. The children represent a diverse population, with both congenital and acquired hearing-impairments, a wide-range of hearing levels pre-implant, and an age range from 2 years to 18 years. The habilitation programme developed for the overall group must be flexible enough to be tailored to the individual needs of each child, and to adapt to the changing needs of children as they progress. Long-term data shows that children are continuing to show improvements after 5-7 years of device use, particularly in their perception of open-set words and sentences. Habilitation programs must therefore be geared to the long-term needs of children and their families. Both speech perception and speech production need to be addressed in the specific content of the habilitation program for any individual child. In addition, for young children, the benefits of improved speech perception should have an impact on development of speech and language, and the focus of the programme for this age child will reflect this difference in emphasis. Specific materials and approaches will vary for very young children, school-age and teenage children. In addition, educational setting will have a bearing on the integration of listening and device use into the classroom environment.