Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemResults for children and adolescents using the multichannel cochlear prosthesis [Abstract]( 1992)The first adolescent to use the 22-electrode cochlear prosthesis was Implanted In Melbourne in 1985 and the first child (less than 10 years), the following year. Since then, over 100 children have received the cochlear prosthesis in Australia and over 1200 worldwide. Detailed assessment of 200 children in the U.S.A., Australia and Germany lead to the market approval of the prosthesis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in July 1990. The analysis of results for these children has proven to be difficult due to the use of different tests in different places, the lack of appropriate assessment tools for young children, the wide range of performance, and the problems of cooperation for young children. Despite these problems, some trends are beginning to emerge in the speech perception results for implanted children. Children with a greater amount of auditory experience before becoming profoundly deaf tend to perform better, as do children with more experience with the cochlear prosthesis. Those with a greater number of electrodes in use also perform better, a result supported by adult studies. Although older prelinguistically deafened children do not perform as well as postlinguistically deafened adults, there appears to be little difference between results for pre-and post-linguistically deafened young children. These trends In speech perception results will be discussed in more detail.
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ItemCochlear implantation for children: an update [Abstract]( 1992)The performance of the Nucleus 22 channel cochlear implant has been assessed on 142 English speaking children who have worn their device for at least 12 months. The safety of the device has been evaluated on 309 children. A significant improvement for prosody was observed in 66%, for closed-set words in 63% and open-set words in 46%, using electrical stimulation alone. Performance over time increased, especially for open-set speech tests. Prelinguistically deaf children had similar scores to postlinguistically deaf children from prosody and closed-set word tests, but scores were not as good for open-set word tests. Lipreading enhancement was assessed using the CID sentence test, and the mean lipreading-alone score of 51% increased significantly to 71% when lipreading was combined with electrical stimulation. Speech intelligibility was determined with McGarr material and 63% were significantly more intelligible after 12 months' implant experience. There were 6-8% medical/surgical complications compared to 12% for a comparable group of adults. In 2.6% surgical intervention was required and this was primarily for infection or necrosis of the flap.
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ItemThe perception of vowels by hearing impaired children [Abstract]( 1982)This paper reports the results of a series of closed-set vowel identification experiments with four congenitally hearing impaired children (age 13 years) with moderate to profound bilateral sensorineural losses. Material was presented under three test conditions: hearing alone, through currently worn hearing aids; lipreading alone; and hearing plus lipreading. Analysis of the results using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering revealed a strong relationship between the perceptual organisation of the responses and the physical attributes of the method of signal presentation. In the case of acoustic signals, the results indicated a perceptual organisation describable in terms of the duration of the vowel and the relative frequencies of the first and second formant. For visual signals, the perceptual organisation correlated with characteristics of lip-shaping during production. These results indicated that the subjects attempted to use similar perceptual cues as the normally hearing population. The relationship between the perceptual organisation of the acoustic stimuli and the aided audiogram is also discussed.