Graeme Clark Collection

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http://hdl.handle.net/11343/375

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Author: Cowan, Robert × Author: Dowell, Richard × Start date: 1995 × Type: Conference Paper ×

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    Speech perception in implanted children: effects of speech processing strategy and residual hearing
    Meskin, T. ; Rance, G. ; Cody, K. ; Sarant, J. ; Larratt, M. ; Latus, K. ; Hollow, R. ; Rehn, C. ; Dowell, R.C. ; Pyman, B. ; Gibson, W.P.R. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Cowan, Robert S. C. ; Barker, E. J. ; Pegg, P. ; Dettman, S. ; Rennie, M. ; Galvin, K. (Mendoza Editor, 1997)
    The ability of implanted children to adapt to different speech processing strategies has been demonstrated for the Nucleus implant system. Children previously experienced with the Multipeak speech processing strategy. were able to gain significant improvements in consonant, word and sentence perception using the Speak speech processing strategy. suggesting some degree of neural plasticity in neural-auditory coding. Of 192 implanted children with different degrees of preoperative residual hearing, 65% were found to obtain significant scores on open-set speech materials using electrical stimulation alone. Those children with more residual hearing had a greater probability of achieving open-set understanding and at a minimum level, perceived high frequency consonant information which would not have been available through conventional hearing aids.
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    Multicenter evaluations of speech perception in adults and children with the nucleus (cochlear) 22-channel cochlear implant
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Dowell, Richard C. ; Cowan, Robert S. ; Pyman, Brian C. ; Webb, Robert L. (Kugler, 1996)
    The Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant has been implanted in over 10,500 patients in 79 countries. and used for more than 25 languages. It arose as a result of our early physiological, behavioral and biological research on experimental animals. The historical development of the Nucleus device has been outlined in detail by Clark. Our ongoing research has led to improvements in the way speech is processed with the 22-channel device that are now resulting in improved speech perception for profoundly totally deaf people that is, on average, better than the speech perception obtained by many deaf people with hearing aids. The multiple-channel cochlear implant was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in postlinguistically deaf adults in 1985. It was subsequently approved for use in children in 1990. The proportion of children (18 years of age and under) to have now received it is approximately 439C (4,500 out of 10.500). In evaluating improvements in speech processing it is important to design well-controlled studies, and a number of important ones which have previously been published are summarized in this paper. In addition, speech perception results for all the Nucleus speech processing strategies have been obtained four to six months postoperatively from unselected patients presenting to the Cochlear Implant Clinic at the Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital (RVEEH), Melbourne, and are presented in this paper. As results can vary greatly with different durations of experience it is essential to make comparisons at the same time postoperatively. These clinical data are the most complete to date for comparing the Nucleus speech processing strategies.