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Design fundamentals for electrotactile devices: the Tickle Talker case study

Cowan, Robert S. C. ; Galvin, Karyn L. ; Blamey, Peter J. ; Sarant, Julia Z. (Whurr, 1995)

Since the work of Gault in the 1920s, the literature has chronicled the development of numerous tactile devices for use by the hearing impaired in improving communication. Devices have been developed to target improvements in both speech perception and speech production. In each development, the inventors have attempted to encode speech information through stimulation of the intact kinaesthetic system of the individual, as a supplement or replacement for speech input available from the damaged auditory pathway.