Graeme Clark Collection

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Author: Dowell, Richard × Author: Shepherd, Robert × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Journal Article ×

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    Clinical findings for a group of infants and young children with auditory neuropathy
    RANCE, GARY ; Beer, David E. ; Cone-Wesson, Barbara ; Shepherd, Robert K. ; Dowell, Richard C. ; King, Alison M. ; Rickards, Field W. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1999)
    Objective: To examine the prevalence of auditory neuropathy in a group of infants at risk for hearing impairment and to present an overview of the clinical findings for affected children. Design: Results for 20 subjects who showed repeatable cochlear microphonic potentials in the absence of click-evoked auditory brain stem responses are included in this study. Behavioral and steady state evoked potential thresholds were established in each case. Where possible, otoacoustic emission and speech perception results (unaided and aided) also were obtained. Results: One in 433 (0.23%) of the children in our series had evidence of auditory neuropathy. The audiometric findings for these subjects varied significantly, with behavioural thresholds ranging from normal to profound levels. Discrimination skills were also variable. Approximately half of the subjects showed little understanding, or even awareness, of speech inputs in both the unaided and aided conditions. There were, however, a number of children who could score at significant levels on speech discrimination tasks and who benefited from the provision of amplification. Conclusion: The results suggest that auditory neuropathy is more common in the infant population than previously suspected. The effects of neuropathy on auditory function appear to be idiosyncratic, producing significant variations in both the detection and discrimination of auditory signals. As such, the management of children with this disorder must allow for individual differences.
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    Multichannel cochlear implantation in children: a summary of current work at The University of Melbourne
    Dowell, Richard C. ; Dawson, Pam W. ; Dettman, Shani J. ; Shepherd, Robert K. ; Whitford, Lesley A. ; Seligman, Peter M. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1991)
    This paper summarizes research work relating to multichannel cochlear implantation in children at the University of Melbourne. Ongoing safety studies relating to the implantation of young children are discussed. Results of these studies suggest that special design considerations are necessary for a prosthesis to be implanted in children under the age of 2 years. Results of clinical assessment of implanted children and adolescents are also discussed in terms of speech perception, speech production, and language development, and some possible predictive factors are suggested. Preliminary data suggests that a high proportion of young children can achieve open-set speech perception with the cochlear implant given appropriate training and support. Initial results with adults using new speech processing hardware and a new coding scheme are also presented. These suggest that improved speech perception in quiet and competing noise is possible with the new system.