Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemMiddle ear infection postimplantation: response of the round window membrane to Streptococcus pyogenes( 1987)The seal of the implanted round window membrane to resist Streptococcus pyogenes invasion from the middle ear was investigated in 12 cats. Results showed that the implanted round window membrane is able to form a barrier for S pyogenes starting 1 week postimplantation. Under normal conditions S pyogenes did not pass through the round window membrane, nor through the gap that existed between the membrane and the prosthesis. Mechanical disruption of the round window seal, however, and severe inflammatory response to S pyogenes caused the infection to extend into the inner ear.
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ItemSurgery for the safe insertion and reinsertion of the banded electrode array( 1987)Adhering to the surgical technique outlined in the protocol for the Nucleus implant has resulted in over 100 patients worldwide obtaining significant benefit from multichannel stimulation. A detailed analysis of the results in 40 patients shows that it improves their awareness of environmental sounds and their abilities in understanding running speech when combined with lipreading. In addition, one third to one half of the patients also understand significant amounts of running speech without lipreading and some can have interactive conversations over the telephone. It is clear that any insertion trauma is not significant, which is confirmed by the excellent clinical results.
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ItemA multiple-electrode intracochlear implant for children( 1987)A multiple-electrode intracochlear implant that provides 21 stimulus channels has been designed for use in young children. It is smaller than the adult version and has magnets to facilitate the attachment of the headset. It has been implanted in two children aged 5 and 10 years. The two children both lost hearing in their third year, when they were still learning language. Following implantation, it was possible to determine threshold and comfortable listening levels for each electrode pair. This was facilitated in the younger child by prior training in scaling visual and electrotactile stimuli. Both children are regular users of the implant, and a training and assessment program has been commenced.
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ItemPneumococcal middle ear infection and cochlear implantation( 1987)A limited study for the experimental induction of pneumococcal otitis media is presented. It is a useful model to study the effects of otitis media in the implanted and nonimplanted cochlea of the cat. Pneumococcal otitis media caused minor pathological changes in two nonimplanted cochleas and more widespread changes together with significant loss of neural elements in two implanted cochleas. However, the small number of animals used in this study did not allow us to distinguish between the effects of electrode insertion trauma, infection, or the combination of both.
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ItemCochlear implant and otitis media: a pilot study to assess the feasibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the cat( 1984/85)An experimental model for the induction of otitis media in cats is described using pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pneumoniae. Until now the cat has been regarded as being resistant to streptococcus pneumoniae infections, whereas pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to cause a most virulent otitis media in this animal. A successful inoculation using streptococcus pneumoniae, however, can be achieved by direct inoculation of a highly concentrated suspension of microorganisms in the bulla, retention of the organisms by Gelfoam®, and enhancement of virulence by intrapertioneal inoculation in mice. The model promises to be an important contribution in studying the effects of pneumococcal otitis media in Cochlear Implants.
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ItemThe histopathology of the human temporal bone following cochlear implantation in a patient: a summary( 1987)The macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the implanted and unimplanted temporal bones in a patient who had a cochlear prosthesis for 27 months prior to his death from cardiac disease has shown that the device is biocompatible, and does not lead to any significant adverse effects. The cause of deafness was meningitis.