Graeme Clark Collection

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Author: HOLLOW, RODNEY × End date: 1995 × Start date: 1995 × Subject: cochlear implants ×

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    Continuing improvements in speech processing for adult cochlear implant patients
    Hollow, R. D. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Cowan, R. S. C. ; Skok, M. C. ; Pyman, B. C. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1995)
    The Cochlear 22-channel cochlear implant has employed a succession of improved speech-processing strategies since its first use in an adult patient in Melbourne in 1982. 1 The first patients received the F0F2 coding strategy developed by the University of Melbourne, in the Wearable Speech Processor (WSP). The F0F2 coding scheme presented the implant user with three acoustic features of speech. These were 1) the amplitude of the waveform, presented as the amount of current charge, 2) fundamental frequency (F0) or voice pitch, presented as rate of biphasic pulsatile stimulation, and 3) the spectral range of the second formant frequency (F2), which was represented by varying the site of stimulation along the electrode array.
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    Results of multichannel cochlear implantation in very young children [Abstract]
    Galvin, K. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; DETTMAN, SHANI ; Dowell, Richard C. ; Barker, E. J. ; Rance, G. ; Hollow, R. ; Cowan, R. ( 1995)
    Most researchers and clinicians working in the cochlear implant field have assumed that profoundly deaf children will have a better prognosis in terms of speech perception, speech production and language development, implanted at as young an age as possible. However, it has been difficult to gather direct evidence for this hypothesis due to the problems in assessing children under the age of five years with formal tests.
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    Speech perception benefits for implanted children with preoperative residual hearing [Abstract]
    Hollow, R. ; Rance, G. ; Dowell, R.C. ; Pyman, B. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Cowan, R. S. C. ; Galvin, K. L. ; Barker, E. J. ; Sarant, J. Z. ; Dettman, S. ( 1995)
    Since the implantation of the first children with the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear prosthesis in Melbourne in 1985, there has been rapid expansion in the number of implanted children world-wide. Improved surgical technique and experience in paediatric assessment and management have contributed to a trend to implant very young children. At the same time there has also been continuing development of improved speech processing strategies resulting in greater speech perception benefits.
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    Latest results and future directions in speech processing for the Nucleus multichannel cochlear prosthesis [Abstract]
    Dowell, R. ; Whitford, L. ; Seligman, P. ; Vandali, A. ; Hollow, R. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1995)
    The past two years has seen the introduction of the Speak speech encoding scheme for most patients using the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear prosthesis. This scheme, based on the Spectral Maxima Speech Processor (SMSP) developed at the University of Melbourne, uses a bank of 20 band-pass filters to present detailed spectral information to the intracochlear electrode array. Clinical trials of this speech processor have shown highly significant improvements over the previous Multipeak scheme in English, German, French and Japanese speaking patients. The largest improvements were evident for open-set testing in background noise, which represents a more realistic measure of everyday benefit than testing in quiet. The latest results for adults who have changed from Multipeak to Speak will be presented, along with results over time for newly-implanted patients using the Speak scheme. New research aimed at improving the speech processing in both the spectral and temporal domains will also be discussed.