Graeme Clark Collection

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/11343/375

Filters

1992 2
2
Reset filters

Settings
Statistics
Citations
Author: Shepherd, Robert × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1992 × Subject: cochlear implant × Subject: otolaryngology × Subject: safety studies ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in deaf kittens: effects on the spiral ganglion [Abstract]
    Shepherd, R. K. ; Matsushima, J ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1992)
    Cochlear pathology following the administration of ototoxic drugs results in a widespread and rapid loss of sensory hair cells followed by a gradual degeneration of auditory nerve fibres and their cell bodies, the spiral ganglion. Recently, two studies have described increased spiral ganglion cell survival in the cochleas of deafened animals following chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve (Hartshorn et al., 1991; Leake et al., ]991). If electrical stimulation is shown to have a trophic effect on degenerating auditory nerve fibres, these findings will significantly influence the preoperative management of cochlear implant patients. The aim of the present study was to corroborate these earlier reports and to evaluate the general tissue response of deafened cochleae in young animals following chronic electrical stimulation.
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    Multichannel cochlear implants in children: an overview of experimental and clinical results at the University of Melbourne [Opening Lecture]
    Shepherd, R. K. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Xu, S-A. ; McDermott, H. J. ; McKay, C. M. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1992)
    During the last decade there has been great progress in the clinical management of profound, postlinguistically deafened adults through the use of multichannel cochlear implants. The device developed by The University of Melbourne in association with Cochlear Pty Ltd, electrically stimulates selective regions of the auditory nerve using an array of 22 platinum (Pt) electrodes located in the scala tympani. Its development followed basic experimental studies and the development and evaluation of a prototype device in the 1970's. Following safety studies and a successful clinical trial, the Melbourne/Cochlear multichannel implant was approved for use in adults by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1985. More than 3000 patients throughout the world have since been implanted with this device, many being able to understand a significant amount of unfamiliar, connected speech without lipreading Following miniaturization of the implant, it became suitable for use with children. In 1990, after additional biological safety and clinical investigations, the FDA approved the use of the Melbourne/Cochlear multichannel implant for profoundly deaf children above the age of two years. And in 1991, the device received the medical device implantation approval certificate from the Japanese Government. The present paper presents an overview of our recent biological safety studies and clinical experience in children, and discusses the likely future development of these devices.