Graeme Clark Collection

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End date: 1979 × Start date: 1971 × Type: Journal Article × Subject: cochlea × Subject: otolaryngology ×

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    Critical bands following the selective destruction of cochlear inner and outer hair cells
    Nienhuys, Terry G. W. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1979)
    Critical bandwidths and absolute intensity thresholds were measured in cats before and after kanamycin treatment which induced selective inner and outer hair cell losses. Hair cell losses were measured from cochleograms constructed from surface preparations of the organ of Corti. Results suggested that, for the test frequencies and stimulus intensities employed, critical bandwidths were not affected for frequencies tonotopically located in cochlear regions where only outer hair cells were lost. Critical bands were widened or not measurable only when inner hair cell losses exceeding 40% were also associated with complete loss of outer hair cells. The experiment suggests that cochlear frequency selectivity can be mediated by inner hair cells alone.
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    Behavioral thresholds in the cat to frequency modulated sound and electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Kranz, Howard G. ; Minas, Harry ( 1973)
    This behavioral study has helped confirm that cats can perceive low rates of electrical stimulation of the basal or high frequency end of the cochlea. The upper limit on the rate of stimulation that could be perceived was 600-800 pulse/sec. It was also shown that the behavioral threshold for low rates of change of a frequency modulated electrical stimulus was similar to that of sound. In the case of an electrical stimulus it was 85 pulses/sec/sec. and in the case of sound it was 97 cycles/sec/sec.
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    A behavioral study on electrical stimulation of the cochlea and central auditory pathways of the cat
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Nathar, J. M. ; Kranz, Howard G. ; Maritz, Johannes S. ( 1972)
    This behavioral study on cats has shown stimulus generalization for acoustic to electrical stimulation of the cochlea at frequencies from 100 to 8,000 pulse/sec. Response thresholds were determined for electrical stimulation of the apical and basal turns of the cochlea. The results show a linear increase in response threshold with rate of electrical stimulation up to a frequency of 2,000 pulse/sec. The response threshold was also lower for electrical stimulation of the basal rather than the apical electrode. Difference limen measurements for electrical stimulation of the cochlea were similar to those obtained for acoustic stimuli at 100 and 200 Hz, but were greater at higher rates of stimulation. The difference limen was also lower for electrical stimulation of the apical rather than the basal electrode. The results of this study show that electrical stimulation of the cochlea may produce pitch sensation for rates of stimulation up to 200 pulse/sec. The results also emphasize the importance of the volley theory in the coding of low frequencies.