Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemThe University of Melbourne/Nucleus cochlear prosthesis( 1988)This is a review of research to develop the University of Melbourne/Nucleus cochlear prosthesis for patients with a profound-total hearing loss. A more complete review can be obtained in Clark et al. A prototype receiver-stimulator and multiple-electrode array developed at the University of Melbourne was first implanted in a postlingually deaf adult patient with a profound-total hearing loss on 1 August 1978. A speech processing strategy which could help this patient understand running speech, especially when combined with lipreading was developed in 1978 following initial psychophysical studies. A prototype wearable speech processor was fabricated in 1979, that could provide significant help for the first two patients in understanding running speech when used in combination with lipreading compared with lipreading alone, and it also enabled them to understand some running speech when using electrical stimulation alone. An implantable receiver-stimulator and wearable speech processor embodying the principles of the prototype devices were then produced for clinical trial by the Australian biomedical firm, Nucleus Ltd, and its subsidiaries, Cochlear Pty Ltd and Cochlear Corporation. This cochlear implant was initially clinically trialled on six patients at The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital in 1982, and shown to give similar results to those obtained with the prototype device. In view of these findings a clinical trial was carried out for a Premarket Approval Application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and extended to a number of centres in the US, Canada, and West Germany. This clinical trial confirmed that patients could understand running speech when electrical stimulation was combined with lipreading, and that some patients could also understand running speech when using electrical stimulation alone. Today, more than 600 patients world-wide are using cochlear implants developed from the research described in this paper.
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ItemAn acoustic model of a multiple-channel cochlear implant( 1984)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemSpeech processing studies using an acoustic model of a multiple-channel cochlear implant( 1984)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemClinical results for profoundly deaf patients using the 22-elctrode cochlear prosthesis [Abstract]( 1987)The 22-electrode cochlear prosthesis developed in Australia by the University of Melbourne and Cochlear Pty. Limited has been in clinical use in Melbourne for five years. Results for 40 postlingually deaf adults have shown significant communication benefit for 90% of patients. Twenty patients (50%) have demonstrated the ability to understand conversational speech without lipreading or visual cues. No electronic or mechanical failures have been observed in any of the implanted devices. There have been no serious medical complications, but psychological disturbance has occurred in two cases. Experience with prelingually deaf adults has indicated that initial hearing responses for this group are not as good as for the postlingually deaf patients. However, improvement over time has been evident with consistent use of the device. Long-term benefit for these patients will depend to a large extent on motivational and social factors. Results for a small number of young deaf children have been encouraging. The age at onset of profound deafness, intelligence, educational management and family support are all important factors affecting the potential benefit of a cochlear implant for a child.