Graeme Clark Collection

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End date: 1998 × Start date: 1997 × Type: Conference Paper × Subject: speech processing ×

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    Adults with a severe-to-profound hearing impairment: investigating the effects of linguistic context on speech perception
    Flynn, Mark C. ; Dowell, Richard C. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1998)
    Linguistic context is known to influence speech perception abilities in adults with normal hearing. Recent reports question the importance of context for adults with a severe-to-profound hearing impairment. The severe reduction and distortion in acoustic input may result in the listener perceiving insufficient acoustic-phonetic cues to allow access to higher level linguistic processing. To investigate this further, a detailed study of the speech recognition of adults with a severe-to-profound hearing impairment (N=34) was undertaken. A series of aided speech recognition tasks, sequentially examined the different levels of processing in the speech perception chain. The investigation concluded that the effects of severe-to-profound hearing impairment did not reduce the listener's ability to take advantage of contextual cues. There was, however, wide variability between participants in the utilisation of contextual processing. This indicates that to estimate "real-life" speech perception skills, an evaluation of contextual processing ability is required.
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    Speech perception in implanted children: effects of speech processing strategy and residual hearing
    Meskin, T. ; Rance, G. ; Cody, K. ; Sarant, J. ; Larratt, M. ; Latus, K. ; Hollow, R. ; Rehn, C. ; Dowell, R.C. ; Pyman, B. ; Gibson, W.P.R. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Cowan, Robert S. C. ; Barker, E. J. ; Pegg, P. ; Dettman, S. ; Rennie, M. ; Galvin, K. (Mendoza Editor, 1997)
    The ability of implanted children to adapt to different speech processing strategies has been demonstrated for the Nucleus implant system. Children previously experienced with the Multipeak speech processing strategy. were able to gain significant improvements in consonant, word and sentence perception using the Speak speech processing strategy. suggesting some degree of neural plasticity in neural-auditory coding. Of 192 implanted children with different degrees of preoperative residual hearing, 65% were found to obtain significant scores on open-set speech materials using electrical stimulation alone. Those children with more residual hearing had a greater probability of achieving open-set understanding and at a minimum level, perceived high frequency consonant information which would not have been available through conventional hearing aids.
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    Advances in cochlear implant speech processing
    Clark, Graeme M. (Monduzzi Editore, 1997)
    A cochlear implant is a device which restores some hearing in severely-to-profoundly deaf people when the organ of Corti has not developed or is destroyed by disease or injury to such an extent no comparable hearing can be obtained with a hearing aid. When the organ of Corti is severely malfunctioning or absent, sound vibrations cannot be transduced into temporo-spatial patterns of action potentials along the auditory nerve for the coding of frequency and intensity. As a result, a hearing aid which amplifies sound is of little or no use. Our early research (Clark, 1969) emphasized that with electrical stimulation there was an electro-neural "bottle-neck" restricting the amount of speech and other acoustic information that could be presented to the nervous system. It also showed the need to use multiple-channel stimulation presented non-simultaneously, to minimize channel interaction (Clark, 1987).