Graeme Clark Collection

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Start date: 1996 × Type: Book Chapter × Subject: paediatric otology ×

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    Is age at cochlear implantation in children important? A 2-deoxyglucose study in cats.
    Seldon, H. Lee ; Kawano, Atsushi ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1997)
    Should one implant prelinguistically deaf children at the earliest possible age or is it better to wait a couple of years? In normally hearing kittens functional auditory development is completed, up to the level of the inferior colliculus (IC), by 30 days after birth (DAB) [1]. However, in deaf kittens stimulation with a cochlear implant can alter the IC map even at ages up to 120 DAB [2]. In normally hearing children the auditory brainstem response approximates the adult form by the age of 2 years. Studies of deaf children with cochlear implants have indicated that implantation by the age of 5-6 yields a high success rate. We implanted neonatally deafened kittens at different ages, stimulated them for long periods, then looked at the spread of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) in the IC. If age is a factor in plasticity in deaf cats, then the distribution of 2-DG uptake should vary with age at implantation.
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    Biological safety
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Shepherd, Robert K. (Singular Publishing, 1997)
    Biological safety has been extensively studied at the Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, for cochlear implantation in adults, and subsequently for specific issues in infants and young children. Many of the studies have general applicability to cochlear implantation, but some have specific relevance to the Nucleus (Cochlear Limited) multiple-channel cochlear implant systems, and have been fundamental to their approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Nucleus system was first approved by the FDA as safe and effective for postlinguistically deaf adults in October 1985, and 5 years later, on 27 June 1990, was approved for use in children from 2 years of age and older. The general research questions studied for adults are directly relevant for children and infants, but there are also specific questions that need to be answered when operating on children under 2 years of age.