Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemResults in children using the 22 electrode cochlear implant [Abstract]( 1989)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemResults for two children using a multiple-electrode intracochlear implant( 1989)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemThe University of Melbourne/Nucleus cochlear prosthesis( 1988)This is a review of research to develop the University of Melbourne/Nucleus cochlear prosthesis for patients with a profound-total hearing loss. A more complete review can be obtained in Clark et al. A prototype receiver-stimulator and multiple-electrode array developed at the University of Melbourne was first implanted in a postlingually deaf adult patient with a profound-total hearing loss on 1 August 1978. A speech processing strategy which could help this patient understand running speech, especially when combined with lipreading was developed in 1978 following initial psychophysical studies. A prototype wearable speech processor was fabricated in 1979, that could provide significant help for the first two patients in understanding running speech when used in combination with lipreading compared with lipreading alone, and it also enabled them to understand some running speech when using electrical stimulation alone. An implantable receiver-stimulator and wearable speech processor embodying the principles of the prototype devices were then produced for clinical trial by the Australian biomedical firm, Nucleus Ltd, and its subsidiaries, Cochlear Pty Ltd and Cochlear Corporation. This cochlear implant was initially clinically trialled on six patients at The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital in 1982, and shown to give similar results to those obtained with the prototype device. In view of these findings a clinical trial was carried out for a Premarket Approval Application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and extended to a number of centres in the US, Canada, and West Germany. This clinical trial confirmed that patients could understand running speech when electrical stimulation was combined with lipreading, and that some patients could also understand running speech when using electrical stimulation alone. Today, more than 600 patients world-wide are using cochlear implants developed from the research described in this paper.
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ItemA multiple-electrode intracochlear implant for children( 1987)A multiple-electrode intracochlear implant that provides 21 stimulus channels has been designed for use in young children. It is smaller than the adult version and has magnets to facilitate the attachment of the headset. It has been implanted in two children aged 5 and 10 years. The two children both lost hearing in their third year, when they were still learning language. Following implantation, it was possible to determine threshold and comfortable listening levels for each electrode pair. This was facilitated in the younger child by prior training in scaling visual and electrotactile stimuli. Both children are regular users of the implant, and a training and assessment program has been commenced.
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ItemA clinical protocol for multiple electrode cochlear implants in children [Abstract]( 1986)A clinical protocol for an experimental study to evaluate the speech perception and production, and communication skills using the multiple electrode cochlear implant in pre-adolescent children has been developed. A single-subject time-series design has been adopted to regularly assess these abilities. During the pre-operative stage the subject's current hearing aids or tactile device are used, and for the post-operative stage the Nucleus multiple electrode intracochlear implant. Training is provided in both stages of the study. Also included in the pre-operative stage are the audiological and medical evaluations to determine whether the subject meets the selection criteria. Speech perception and production, and communication skills are assessed from a large selection of language and developmental-age appropriate materials. Psychophysical studies are also undertaken to measure the subject's abilities to discriminate simple stimuli differing in electrical parameter values.
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ItemPsychophysical studies for two multiple-channel cochlear implant patients( 1982)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemSpeech perception, production and language results in a group of children using the 22-electrode cochlear implant( 1989)Paper presented at the 118th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America
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ItemResults for the Nucleus multiple-electrode cochlear implant in two children [Abstract]( 1988)Two males, 9 years 10 months (CHILD 1) and 5 years 5 months (CHILD 2) at time of surgery, were implanted with the Nucleus multiple-electrode cochlear implant. Both patients were deafened as a result of meningitis in their third year. Assessments of speech perception, speech production and language skills were undertaken at regular intervals, pre and post operatively. For both patients in the audition alone condition, some speech perception post operative scores were significantly higher than pre operative scores and progressive improvements in scores over successive post operative data collection times were seen. Significant differences between the visual alone and auditory-visual condition scores were also observed for CHILD 1 post operatively. Speech production post operative scores were significantly higher than pre operative scores for both patients. The receptive vocabulary scores for both patients improved at a higher rate than that of age-matched normal children. The acquisition of expressive and receptive language skills for CHILD 2 was at a higher rate than that of age-matched children. Differences in the results between the two patients were seen, and this may be related to age and duration of deafness.
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ItemTraining and assessment of children using a multi-electrode cochlear implant [Abstract]( 1986)A training and assessment protocol has been developed for a research study on deaf children using multi-electrode cochlear implants. The areas of assessment and training include speech perception and production, language and communication skills. Material which is appropriate for language-and developmental-age is selected from a large battery of: tests to ensure that the individual abilities of children are addressed. A single-subject, time-series design has been adopted for regular assessment of the child's performance. The participating child receives a minimum of six months' pre-operative training and assessment using high gain hearing aids or a tactile device. Also included are audiological and medical evaluations to determine the child's suitability for inclusion in the study. Approximately two months are allocated for pre-operative, operative and postoperative surgical management as well as fitting and setting the external speech processor. Post-operatively, the same training and assessment procedures continue for a number of years. Extensive psychophysical studies are also undertaken to measure the child's abilities to discriminate simple stimuli which differ in electrical stimulus parameter values.