Graeme Clark Collection

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1991 - 1994 2
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Author: Shepherd, Robert × Author: Franz, Burkhard × Type: Journal Article × Subject: animal model ×

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    Cochlear implantation in children: labyrinthitis following pneumococcal otitis media in unimplanted and implanted cat cochleas
    Dahm, Markus C. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Franz, Burkhard K-H. ; Shepherd, Robert K. ; Burton, Martin J. ; ROBINS-BROWNE, ROY ( 1994)
    Pneumococcal otitis media is frequent in young children and could lead to labyrinthitis post-implantation. To assess the risk and methods of minimizing it by a graft to the round window around the electrode entry point, we have used a cat animal model of pneumococcal otitis media. Twenty-one kittens were used in the study. Thirty-two cochleas were implanted when the kittens were 2 months of age. Fourteen cochleas were implanted without using a graft (12 were available for study); 9 had a fascial graft, and 9 a Gelfoam® graft (7 were available for study). The implanted kittens had their bullae inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 months after implantation and were sacrificed 1 week later. There were also 9 unimplanted control ears which were inoculated when the animals were 4 months of age. Labyrinthitis occurred in 44% of unimplanted control, 50% of implanted ungrafted, and 6% of implanted grafted (fascia and Gelfoam®) cochleas. There was no statistically significant difference between the unimplanted control and the implanted cochleas (p < 0.05). There was, however, a difference between the implanted-ungrafted and implanted grafted cochleas, but not between the use of fascia and Gelfoam® to graft the round window entry point. As a result, the data indicates that cochlear implantation does not increase the risk of labyrinthitis following pneumococcal otitis media, but it is desirable to use fascia as a graft to the round window around the electrode entry point.
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    Animal models of human disease: otitis media
    Franz, Burkhard K-H. G. ; Shepherd, Robert K. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1991)
    Otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear, which may or may not be of microbial origin. Genetic, immunologic, allergic conditions, antecedent viral respiratory infections, and mastoid size are contributing factors for middle ear disease. Dysfunction of the eustachian tube predisposes to acute otitis media. Collection of fluid within the middle ear cavity is part of the disease process and is equally observed in infectious and noninfectious middle ear disease. Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus aureus are the most common organisms that cause acute infectious otitis media.