Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemBiological safety(Singular Publishing, 1997)Biological safety has been extensively studied at the Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, for cochlear implantation in adults, and subsequently for specific issues in infants and young children. Many of the studies have general applicability to cochlear implantation, but some have specific relevance to the Nucleus (Cochlear Limited) multiple-channel cochlear implant systems, and have been fundamental to their approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Nucleus system was first approved by the FDA as safe and effective for postlinguistically deaf adults in October 1985, and 5 years later, on 27 June 1990, was approved for use in children from 2 years of age and older. The general research questions studied for adults are directly relevant for children and infants, but there are also specific questions that need to be answered when operating on children under 2 years of age.
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ItemTemporal and spatial coding in auditory prostheses(Wiley-Liss, 1990)By direct electrical stimulation of residual auditory nerve fibres, auditory prostheses by-pass the normal electro-mechanical transduction properties of the cochlea in patients who have few -if any -surviving inner or outer hair cells. These devices interface directly with the auditory nerve via stimulating electrodes placed within the scala tympani of the cochlea. While the great majority of profoundly-totally deaf patients using multiple-channel auditory prostheses receive considerable benefit from their device (Brown et al., 1987), a greater understanding of the basic response properties of the auditory nerve to electrical stimulation should result in the development of improved electrical stimulation regimes and electrode array designs. It is the purpose of this chapter to review these basic neural response properties.