Graeme Clark Collection

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End date: 1979 × Subject: deafness ×

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    Prosthetic devices for the management of patients with severe sensorineural deafness
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Tong, Y. C. ; Williams, A. ( 1977)
    It is estimated that 5-10% of patients with significant hearing loss do not get satisfactory help with a hearing aid. This means that in Australia there are about 5,000-10,000 people who need further treatment. Furthermore, a large number of these patients are born deaf and their proper management is critical if they are going to develop adequate speech and language. If these patients are going 10 perceive speech, the speech must be broken down into signals that can be used 10 stimulate the residual hearing, excite the auditory nerve fibres by electrical stimulation or stimulate another sensory system such as vision or the skin senses. These alternatives offer real hope for the patient with severe sensori-neural deafness as there is a great deal of redundancy in the speech signal. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 which shows the raw signal obtained on a cathode ray oscilloscope for the word "ear". It can be seen that there is an overall waveform envelope which is now thought to be quite important in speech perception. Inside the speech waveform there are waves of many shapes and sizes. Far too many for your eye to detect at a glance, and indeed too many for your ear to perceive. In fact, when you hear phonemes and words your brain only picks up key signals.
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    A neurophysiological assessment of the surgical treatment of perceptive deafness
    Clark, Graeme M. ( 1970)
    The results of treating patients with middle ear disease are now good, but the situation is not as satisfactory with perceptive deafness, and this is one of the major problems facing otologists today.
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    Hearing due to electrical stimulation of the auditory system
    Clark, Graeme M. ( 1969)
    One of the major problems facing otologists today is the treatment of perceptive deafness. The results of treating patients with deafness due to middle-ear disease are now good, but this is not the case when there is damage to the inner ear or central auditory pathways. A hearing aid will assist a great many people, but there are a number of patients with very severe or total deafness who cannot be helped in this way. Consequently, a different approach to the problem must be made, and for this reason, electrical stimulation of the cochlea or auditory pathways to reproduce the natural stimulus may provide a solution.
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    Speech perception and the development of language in deaf children
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Tong, Y. C. ( 1976)
    This study has been undertaken to help determine how the perception of phonemes is important in the development of language and speech in deaf children. It is generally accepted that a pure tone audiogram is not a reliable indication of future language development, and consequently it is necessary to look for other prognostic tests. The development of these tests would be of great value not only in the prognosis but also in helping to reveal the basic underlying mechanisms in speech perception and production. This could in turn lead to a more definitive approach to the aural rehabilitation of the patient.