Graeme Clark Collection

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/11343/375

Filters

1976 - 1977 7
Reset filters

Settings
Statistics
Citations
Start date: 1976 × End date: 1977 × Subject: otolaryngology ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    Frequency discrimination and critical bands following the selective destruction of cochlear inner and outer hair cells
    Nienhuys, T. G. W. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1977)
    The role of the inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea in frequency discrimination and critical band measurements is not clearly understood. There is, however, evidence for an interaction between the hair cells in threshold determinations (1) and frequency selectivity (2). Furthermore, although there is increasing evidence that a place theory is more importance than a periodicity theory in frequency coding the situation is still not clear, and the role of the inner and outer hair cells in frequency discrimination and critical band measurements should provide additional evidence to help clarify the situation.
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    Prosthetic devices for the management of patients with severe sensorineural deafness
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Tong, Y. C. ; Williams, A. ( 1977)
    It is estimated that 5-10% of patients with significant hearing loss do not get satisfactory help with a hearing aid. This means that in Australia there are about 5,000-10,000 people who need further treatment. Furthermore, a large number of these patients are born deaf and their proper management is critical if they are going to develop adequate speech and language. If these patients are going 10 perceive speech, the speech must be broken down into signals that can be used 10 stimulate the residual hearing, excite the auditory nerve fibres by electrical stimulation or stimulate another sensory system such as vision or the skin senses. These alternatives offer real hope for the patient with severe sensori-neural deafness as there is a great deal of redundancy in the speech signal. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 which shows the raw signal obtained on a cathode ray oscilloscope for the word "ear". It can be seen that there is an overall waveform envelope which is now thought to be quite important in speech perception. Inside the speech waveform there are waves of many shapes and sizes. Far too many for your eye to detect at a glance, and indeed too many for your ear to perceive. In fact, when you hear phonemes and words your brain only picks up key signals.
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    A multiple electrode cochlear implant
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Tong, Y. C. ; Black, R. ; Forster, I. C. ; Patrick, J. F. ; Dewhurst, D. J. (Cambridge University Press, 1977)
    It is generally agreed that if a cochlear implant hearing prosthesis is to enable a patient to understand speech, it must be a multiple-electrode system. In addition, stimulation of the auditory nervous system should approximate the patterns of neural excitation occurring in people with normal hearing, and this is especially important when a patient has previously experienced hearing. For this reason the correct application of electrophysiological principles to the design of a hearing prosthesis is desirable, and is discussed in this paper with special reference to a device developed in the Departments of Otolaryngology and Electrical Engineering at the University of Melbourne (UMDOLEE).
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    The clinical assessment of cochlear implant patients
    Clark, Graeme M. ; O'Loughlin, J. O. ; Rickards, Field W. ; Tong, Y. C. ; Williams, A. J. (Cambridge University Press, 1977)
    This paper is a discussion of the clinical assessment routine adopted following experience gained over the last three years from evaluating 27 patients with severe sensori-neural deafness to determine whether they are suitable for the cochlear implantation of a multiple-electrode receiving and stimulating device developed jointly in the Departments of Otolaryngology and Electrical Engineering at the University of Melbourne.
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    A multiple-electrode array for a cochlear implant
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Hallworth, Richard J. (Cambridge University Press, 1976)
    It is becoming increasingly evident from experimental work on animals and humans that if cochlear implants are going to help patients understand speech, they must be designed to stimulate a number of different groups of auditory nerve fibres.
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    Experimental research into cochlear implants
    Clark, Graeme M. ( 1977)
    The areas of research to be discussed are studies of animal behaviour, cochlear models, multiple electrode arrays and experimental surgery.
  • Item
    Thumbnail Image
    Speech perception and the development of language in deaf children
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Tong, Y. C. ( 1976)
    This study has been undertaken to help determine how the perception of phonemes is important in the development of language and speech in deaf children. It is generally accepted that a pure tone audiogram is not a reliable indication of future language development, and consequently it is necessary to look for other prognostic tests. The development of these tests would be of great value not only in the prognosis but also in helping to reveal the basic underlying mechanisms in speech perception and production. This could in turn lead to a more definitive approach to the aural rehabilitation of the patient.