Graeme Clark Collection

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Start date: 1990 × End date: 1999 × Subject: cochlear implants × Author: Dowell, Richard × Author: Cowan, Robert × Type: Journal Article ×

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    Speech perception results for children with implants with different levels of preoperative residual hearing
    Cowan, Robert S. C. ; DelDot, J. ; Barker, J. Z. ; Barker, Elizabeth J. ; Sarant, Julia Z. ; Pegg, P. ; Dettman, S. ; Galvin, K. L. ; Rance, G. ; Hollow, R. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Pyman, B. ; Gibson, W. P. R. ; Clark, Graeme, M. ( 1997)
    Objective: Many reports have established that hearing-impaired children using the Nucleus 22 channel cochlear implant may show both significant benefits to lipreading and significant scores on open-set words and sentences using electrical stimulation only. These findings have raised questions about whether severely or severely-to-profoundly deaf children should be candidates for cochlear implants. To study this question, postoperative results for implanted children with different levels of preoperative residual hearing were evaluated in terms of speech perception benefits. Study Design/Setting: A retrospective study of the first 117 children, sequentially, to undergo implantation in the Melbourne and Sydney Cochlear Implant Clinics was undertaken. All children had been assessed by and received their implants in a tertiary referral centre. Main Outcome Measures: To assess aided residual hearing, the children were grouped into four categories of hearing on the basis of their aided residual hearing thresholds measured preoperatively. To assess benefits, the scores of children on standard speech perception tests were reviewed. As different tests were used for children with different ages and language skills, children were grouped into categories according to the level of postoperative speech perception benefit. Results: The results showed that children in the higher categories of aided preoperative residual hearing showed significant scores on open-set word and sentence perception tests using the implant alone. For children in lower categories of aided residual hearing, results were variable within the groups. More than 90% of children with implants with aided residual hearing thresholds in the speech range above I kHz achieved open-set understanding of words and sentences. Conclusion: While the results of this preliminary study confirm previous findings of differential outcomes for children with different levels of preoperative residual hearing, they suggest that children with severe to profound hearing impairments should be considered for cochlear implantation.
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    Continuing improvements in speech processing for adult cochlear implant patients
    Hollow, R. D. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Cowan, R. S. C. ; Skok, M. C. ; Pyman, B. C. ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1995)
    The Cochlear 22-channel cochlear implant has employed a succession of improved speech-processing strategies since its first use in an adult patient in Melbourne in 1982. 1 The first patients received the F0F2 coding strategy developed by the University of Melbourne, in the Wearable Speech Processor (WSP). The F0F2 coding scheme presented the implant user with three acoustic features of speech. These were 1) the amplitude of the waveform, presented as the amount of current charge, 2) fundamental frequency (F0) or voice pitch, presented as rate of biphasic pulsatile stimulation, and 3) the spectral range of the second formant frequency (F2), which was represented by varying the site of stimulation along the electrode array.