Graeme Clark Collection

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Type: Book Chapter × Subject: otology × Subject: history ×

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    Introduction
    Clark, Graeme M. ; Cowan, Robert S. C. ; Dowell, Richard C. (Singular Publishing, 1997)
    From the time single-channel cochlear implants were first implanted in children in the early 1980s in Los Angeles (Laxford et al 1987) closely followed in 1985 by the multiple-channel cochlear implant in Melbourne (Clark et al 1987a, 1987b) there has been a considerable expansion in the work to apply the multiple-channel cochlear implant to infants and young children.
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    Historical perspectives
    Clark, Graeme M. (Singular Publishing, 1997)
    Initial attempts to help profoundly deaf people understand speech by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve commenced in the 1950s and 1960s (Djourno & Eyrtes. 1957; Doyle. Doyle. &Turnbull. 1964; House. Berliner. Crary. Graham. Luckey. Norton. Selters. Tobin Urban & Wexler. 1976; Simmons. Monegeon. Lewis. & Huntington. 1964). The procedures were carried out on isolated patients. Raw or filtered speech was presented to the electrodes but no speech understanding was obtained.