Graeme Clark Collection

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1990 - 1994 2
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Subject: cochlear implant × Subject: audiology × Type: Journal Item × Start date: 1990 × End date: 1999 × Author: Dowell, Richard ×

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    Preoperative residual hearing as a predictor of postoperative speech scores for adult cochlear implant users [Abstract]
    COWAN, ROBERT ; HOLLOW, RODNEY ; DOWELL, RICHARD ; PYMAN, BRIAN ; Clark, Graeme M. ( 1994)
    The development of multiple channel cochlear implants has been a significant advance in the rehabilitation of profound hearing loss. Speech perception benefits have been particularly evident for postlinguistically deafened adults, who as a group have shown not only supplementation of lipreading scores but also significant comprehension of words and sentences using an implant alone, without the aid of lipreading. In many cases, patients are able to use their implant for telephone conversation. Speech perception benefits for adult users have increased with advances in speech processing and improved means of habilitation. These improvements in open-set speech benefits for adult users have resulted in a steady increase in group mean scores and a reevaluation of selection criteria for cochlear implantation. In the initial development of cochlear implants, only those with little or no residual hearing were considered as candidates. Current selection criteria now include those with substantial residual hearing, who may score up to 40% in the best-aided condition on word and sentence speech perception tests. In order to provide realistic expectations for prospective cochlear implant patients, it is important to establish the relationship of many preimplant factors to postimplant speech perception benefits. For severely hearing impaired adults, the relationship between preoperative residual hearing, as measured by aided word and sentence speech perception test scores, and postoperative speech perception benefits is of significant interest. Analysis of data collected over a 15 year period for adult patients is presented. The rationale for conducting full speech perception assessments for all potential cochlear implant patients is stressed.
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    Speech perception results in children using the 22-electrode cochlear implant [Abstract]
    Dawson, P. W. ; Blamey, P. J. ; Rowland, L.C. ; Dettman, S. J. ; Altidis, P. M. ; Clark, Graeme M. ; Busby, P. A. ; Brown, A. M. ; Dowell, R. C. ; Rickards, F. W. ( 1990)
    Twenty-one profoundly hearing impaired children ranging in age from 3 to 20 years have been implanted with the 22-electrode cochlear implant (Cochlear Pty ltd) at the University of Melbourne Cochlear Implant Clinic. Five children (aged 6.0 to 14.8 years) have achieved substantial scores on open set speech tests using hearing without lipreading. Phoneme scores in monosyllabic words ranged from 30% to 72%. Word scores in sentences ranged from 26% to 74%. Four of these five children were implanted during preadolescence and the fifth who had a progressive loss, was implanted during adolescence. Eight children (aged 3.0 to 11 years), have either been implanted recently or are too young for detailed assessments. However some have shown using closed set speech perception tests or vowel imitation tasks, that they are beginning to use the auditory input provided by the implant. The remaining children (aged 13.11 to 20.1 years) have not demonstrated open set recognition but are all full time users of the device. This group was implanted during adolescence after a long duration of profound deafness. The results will be discussed with reference to a number of variables which may contribute to successful implant use; such as age of onset of deafness, duration of deafness. age of implantation, educational program and type of training.