Graeme Clark Collection
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ItemA multiple-channel cochlear implant: an evaluation using open-set CID sentences( 1981)A multiple-channel cochlear implant and speech processor have been used in two postlingually deaf adult patients with a total hearing loss, to enable them to perceive varying degrees of running speech. The results have been confirmed with open-set CID everyday sentence tests. Using the implant alone, the patients obtained 8% and 14% scores with pre-recorded material, and 34% and 36% scores for "live" presentations. This was equivalent to the perception of 35% of connected discourse. When the implant was used in conjunction with lipreading, improvements of 188% and 386% were obtained over lipreading alone, and the scores were 68% and 98% which were equivalent to the perception of 60% and 95% of connected discourse.
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ItemSpeech processor design for a multiple-channel cochlear implant( 1980)This paper outlines the strategy adopted for a laboratory-based speech processor used to provide speech information to patients with a multiple-channel cochlear implant It also presents the results of vowel and consonant recognition studies and speech test using open sets of words and sentences.
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ItemResults in children using the 22 electrode cochlear implant [Abstract]( 1989)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemRecent developments with the Nucleus 22-electrode cochlear implant: a new two formant speech coding strategy and its performance in background noise( 1987)A clinical evaluation of speech processing strategies for the Nucleus 22-electrode cochlear implant showed improvements in understanding speech using the new F0F1F2 speech coding strategy instead of the F0F2 strategy. Significant improvement in closed-set speech recognition in the presence of background noise was an additional advantage of the new speech processing strategy.
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ItemEvaluation of a two-formant speech-processing strategy for a multichannel cochlear prosthesis( 1987)Initial results with the two-formant speech-processing strategy (F0FIF2) confirm the advantage of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis capable of stimulating at different sites within the cochlea. The successful presentation of two spectral components by varying the place of stimulation leads to the possibility of presenting further spectral information in this manner. Because virtually all multichannel implant patients demonstrate good "place" (electrode site) discrimination, these more refined coding strategies should lead to benefits for the majority of implantees. Already, with the F0FIF2 strategy, we have a system that appears to provide some effective auditory-alone communication ability for the average patient.
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ItemA multiple-electrode intracochlear implant for children( 1987)A multiple-electrode intracochlear implant that provides 21 stimulus channels has been designed for use in young children. It is smaller than the adult version and has magnets to facilitate the attachment of the headset. It has been implanted in two children aged 5 and 10 years. The two children both lost hearing in their third year, when they were still learning language. Following implantation, it was possible to determine threshold and comfortable listening levels for each electrode pair. This was facilitated in the younger child by prior training in scaling visual and electrotactile stimuli. Both children are regular users of the implant, and a training and assessment program has been commenced.
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ItemAbsolute identification of electric pulse rates and electrode positions by cochlear implant patients( 1985)Abstract not available due to copyright.
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ItemBanded intracochlear electrode array: evaluation of insertion trauma in human temporal bones( 1985)A banded free-fit scala tympani array was inserted into a basal turn of nine human cochleas to evaluate the trauma produced by the procedure. These nine cochleas, together with five nonimplanted controls, were serially sectioned and examined microscopically for damage to the membranous labyrinth, in particular the spiral ligament, the basilar and Reissner’s membranes, the stria vascularis, and the osseous spiral lamina. The severity and location of any trauma along the cochlear spiral were recorded. The results indicate that the insertion of the banded scala tympani array resulted in minimal mechanical damage, occurring primarily to a localized region of the spiral ligament. This would not result in significant neural degeneration, and therefore would not compromise the efficacy of multichannel cochlear prosthesis.
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ItemSpeech processing for cochlear implant prostheses( 1984)The transformation of speech into electrical signals which can stimulate the auditory nerve in order to create hearing sensations that carry speech information depends on many factors. These include the limitations imposed by the current state-of-the-art in otological surgery, microelectronic and micromechanical technology, and knowledge of the functioning of the auditory system under both acoustic and electrical stimulation. Sufficient advances have been made in all these areas to enable several research centers to develop cochlear prostheses which give some hearing to certain totally deaf persons. The work of these centers towards the goal of full unaided speech perception via the prosthesis is examined and evaluated.
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ItemTwo-component hearing sensations produced by two-electrode stimulation in the cochlear of a deaf patient( 1983)http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/219/4587/993?ijkey=v6jEOhdpzPCxw&keytype=ref&siteid=sci