A very high proportion of beef cows in Australia are mated to bulls at pasture. A multiplicity of systems for pasture mating are presently in use. Bulls are mated singly or in groups, they are set-stocked during the mating period or rotated about the different groups of cows, they are mated at the rate of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 bulls per 100 cows, young bulls are mated to cows in company with old bulls or other young bulls (Dickson 1966). There is little scientific basis for any of these mating systems since basic information on the sexual and social behaviour of beef bulls at pasture is lacking. Such data are needed so that optimum use can be made of beef bulls in pasture mating. (For complete abstract open document)